Midterm 1- Natural Disasters

Front 1

In science, a "theory" not only explains one or more phenomena but must also have testable consequences (T/F)

Back 1

True

Front 2

There are no disasters without people. (T/F)

Back 2

True

Front 3

Fresh water constitutes about 25% of all the water on Earth. (T/F)

Back 3

False

Front 4

Movement of the blocks on either side of transform faults is mainly up-down. (T/F)

Back 4

False

Front 5

The term "aseismic" is used to describe faults that move slowly and without noticeable earthquakes. (T/F)

Back 5

True

Front 6

In 2012, more people died in the earthquake that struck Haiti than the one that occurred in Chile because the Haitian earthquake was of greater magnitude. (T/F)

Back 6

False

Front 7

The phrase "deep time" refers to the spans of time that are so large that they are difficult to grasp/ understand. (T/F)

Back 7

True

Front 8

Only highly trained professional emergency workers save lives in a disaster. (T/F)

Back 8

False

Front 9

S-waves travel slower than P-waves. (T/F)

Back 9

True

Front 10

The Earth is 4.6 billion years old. (T/F)

Back 10

True

Front 11

The amplitude of a wave is the height of the wave from the lowest point (trough) to the highest point (crest). (T/F)

Back 11

False

Front 12

S-waves are compression waves. (T/F)

Back 12

False

Front 13

The hypo centre of an earthquake is the point on the fault where rocks first start to move. (T/F)

Back 13

True

Front 14

Any time one proposes a hypothesis and then tests it in the effort to explain a phenomenon one is applying the scientific method. (T/F)

Back 14

True

Front 15

For a natural hazard, the term "risk" (From the event) is the same as the "probability" (of the event). (T/F)

Back 15

False

Front 16

Mid-ocean ridges are where the tectonic plates are diverging. (T/F)

Back 16

True

Front 17

In an earthquake, most damage to buildings is caused by the P-waves. (T/F)

Back 17

False

Front 18

S-waves can travel through the Earth's core. (T/F)

Back 18

False

Front 19

Seismometers are, in essence, pendulum devices that demonstrate relative motion between the ground ad the pendulum. (T/F)

Back 19

True

Front 20

In earthquakes, the tendency for shaking to be greater on soft ground compared to hard rock is called "liquefaction" (T/F)

Back 20

False

Front 21

Earthquakes at divergent plate margins are generally smaller and shallower than those at convergent margins. (T/F)

Back 21

True

Front 22

Peculiar animal behaviour has been noted shortly before some earthquakes and has been a factor in ordering evacuations. (T/F)

Back 22

True

Front 23

The Mercali scale is a measure of earthquake magnitude. (T/F)

Back 23

False

Front 24

"Quick" clay is clay that shakes more rapidly during an earthquake. (T/F)

Back 24

False

Front 25

Body waves do the most damage in an earthquake. (T/F)

Back 25

False

Front 26

Tsunami are the same as very large wind-generated waves. (T/F)

Back 26

False

Front 27

In a disaster, destruction of infrastructure can lead to secondary loss of life. (T/F)

Back 27

True

Front 28

The word tsunami means "harbour wave" because tsunamis commonly get larger as they enter harbours. (T/F)

Back 28

True

Front 29

A hazard forecast us the same as a hazard prediction. (T/F)

Back 29

False

Front 30

Which of the following hazard is powered by (gets its energy from) inside the planet?

a) Earthquakes

b) Hurricanes

c) Tornadoes

d) Costal Erosion

e) Flooding

Back 30

a) Earthquakes

Front 31

Though Alfred Wegener proposed that the continents had "drifted" over time, his ideas were not widely accepted because...

Back 31

b) He could not explain how it happened.

Front 32

The Plate Tectonic "plates" are rigid material approximately 100 km thick that move about on a more gooey plastic interior of the Earth. The plates are called ...

Back 32

a) The lithosphere

Front 33

Moment magnitude of an earthquake is based on ...

Back 33

e) a, b and d

a) The strength of the rocks

b) The area of the fault that moved

d) The amount of movement

Front 34

A segment of an otherwise active fault zone that has not experienced any noticeable earthquakes is called...

Back 34

b) A seismic gap

Front 35

Which of the following does NOT contribute to our understanding of the deep structure to the Earth?

a) Earthquake positions and strengths

b) Volcano positions

c) Global warming

d) Analysis of seismic energy transmitted through Earth

e) Volcano chemisry

Back 35

d) Global Warming

Front 36

Which of th following items is NOT used in monitoring earthquake activity?

a) Seismic velocity changes

b) Groundwater levels

c) Radon release

d) Electrical properties

e) All of the above (they are all used)

Back 36

e) None of the above (they are all used)

Front 37

Which of the following materials/phenomena is NOT used to explain the layered nature of Earth.

a) Rocks on the surface

b) Fragments of mantle brought up by volcanoes

c) Seismic imaging of the interior of the Earth

d) The Earth's magnetic field

e) None of the above (They are all used)

Back 37

e) None of the above (they are all used)

Front 38

Eventhough we cannot stop earthquakes, we need to understand them so that...

a) We can build better buildings

b) We can build in better places

c) We can plan ahead of any possible earthquakes and predict what might happen

d) Make better post-earthquake plans

e) All of the above.

Back 38

e) All of the above

Front 39

Earthquake "directivity" refers to...

a) The way in which the ground moves when surface waves arrive

b) The way in which the fault "unzips"

c) How far away an earthquake occurs

d) The direction in which tsunamis travel away from and earthquake

e) how we can lower the risk that earthquakes pose to large structures.

Back 39

b) The way in which the fault "unzips"

Front 40

Flow in which layer of the Earth leads to movement of the plates?

a) The lithosphere

b) the asthenosphere

c) The mantle

d) The core

e) All of the above

Back 40

b) The asthenosphere

Front 41

Which of the following processes is NOT an integral part in the production of sedimentary rocks?

a) Weathering

b) Transportation

c) Deposition

d) Lithification

e) None of the above (they are all part of the process)

Back 41

e) None of the above (They are all part of the process)

Front 42

Which of the following is NOT a desired aspect of material used to educate the public about a potential hazard?

a) Detailed scientific information

b) Multiple formats

c) Multiple sources of information

d) Simple actions that can be taken when an event occurs

e) All of the above

Back 42

a) Detailed scientific information

Front 43

Subduction zones are associated with...

a) No volcanoes

b) Divergence

c) Deep (up to 600 km) earthquakes

d) a and c

e) None of the above

Back 43

c) Deep (up to 600 km) earthquakes

Front 44

In a tsunamu, the speed (in m/s) of the wave is calculated as c=3.13*Square root*D (D is depth in metres). What is the speed of a tsunami in 2500 m of water?

Back 44

a) 156 m/s

Front 45

In a P-wave...

a) The particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation

b) The particles move parallel to the direction of wave propagation

c) The particles have a rolling motion

d) The ground doesn't move at all

e) The particles move from side to side

Back 45

b) the particles move parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

Front 46

Which of the following is NOT known to trigger earthquakes?

a) Underground nuclear tests

b) Pumping (Water) into the ground

c) Pumping out of the ground

d) Coal mining

e) Dam building

Back 46

d) Coal Mining

Front 47

Tsunami in Canada...

a) Are unknown

b) Seen only in the Pacific

c) Have caused death in the past 100 years

d) Cause destruction, but not death

e) B and C

Back 47

c) Have caused death in the past 100 years

Front 48

Which of the following statements regarding the tsunamis is incorrect?

a) They are most common in the Pacific Ocean

b) They can be caused by earthquakes that involve up-down motion of submarine plates

c) They are rare in the Indian Ocean

d) They are commonly caused by motion on transform faults.

e) They can be caused by underwater landslides

Back 48

d) They are commonly caused by motion on transform faults

Front 49

The study of ancient earthquakes is called...

Back 49

b) Paleoseisemology