Micro Final Exam Review

Front 1

Temperature Lethal Effects

Back 1

Thermal Death Point

Thermal Death Time

Front 2

TDP

Back 2

Thermal Death Point: The temperature at which the organism dies in 10 minutes

Front 3

TDT

Back 3

Thermal Death Time: The time of death for an organism at a given temperature

Front 4

Evaluate Data on a Chart

Back 4

Chart Example

Front 5

Selective Media

Back 5

The media has 1 or more ingredients that only allow certain organisms to grow by inhibiting other kinds.

Manital Salt ager: 10%

MaConkey agar for Gr-

Hektoen agar for Salmonella and Shigella

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Mannitol Salt Agar

Back 6

A selective media that contains a high (10%) concentration of salt which thereby inhibits most organisms except Staph.

Therefore Mannitol Salt Agar selects for Staph.

Also a differential media that can be fermented by certain organisms. If fermentation occurs, then acid is produced which lowers the pH. When the pH drops, it causes a chemical indicator in the media to change color from pink to yellow. This change means we have grown S. aureus.

Front 7

Differential Media

Back 7

Means that there is a characteristic of the media which allows us to differentiate among the organisms which do grow on a plate. Two different colors on the same media.

MSA: Colors (Yellow or Fuschia) occur when bacteria can metabolize the media.

Blood Agar

Front 8

Kirbey Bauer

Back 8

Zones of inhibition

Measure the diameter of zones in mm to determine if it is Resistant intermediate of Sensitive (p. 121)

Front 9

Staph and strep Identification

Back 9

Use Flow Chart (ditto)

Front 10

API Strips

Back 10

To Identify Gram - Bacteria

Fermentation (Yellow)

Citrate (Blue)

H2S (Black)

Memorize chart

p. 175

Front 11

Antiseptic

Back 11

Can be put on the skin, living organisms

Front 12

Disinfectant

Back 12

Only put on inatimate objects

Front 13

Gram Stain

Back 13

Review slides

Front 14

Acid Fast

Back 14

The acid-fast stain is a differential stain used to identify acid-fastorganisms such as members of the genus Mycobacterium . Acid-fast organisms are characterized by wax-like, nearly impermeable cell walls; they contain mycolic acidand large amounts of fatty acids, waxes, and complex lipids.

Front 15

Schaffer Fulton Spore Stain

Back 15

Mature spores stain green whether free or still inside the vegetative sporangium. Vegetative cells and sporangia stain red. The Schaeffer-Fulton stain technique was applied. The primary stain, malachite green, is forced into the spores by heating the prepared slide to boiling for 4-5 minutes. After washing, the vegetative cells are counterstained with safranine.

Front 16

Hemolysis

Back 16

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

Front 17

Graph

Back 17

Which bacteria grew the best at a pH, Temperature

Front 18

Know all Micro vocabulary

Back 18

Hello

Front 19

Fomite

Back 19

An inanimate object

Front 20

Rapid ID Method for Staphylococcus

Back 20

Front 21

Gram Positive

Back 21

Peptidoclycan Layer captures the violet stain

Front 22

Gram Negative

Back 22

There is no Paptidoglyan to capture the violet stain so it washes away and is replaced by a red stain.

Front 23

Rapid ID for staphylococcus Aureus entails what?

Back 23

1. Gram + (Purple)

2. + H2O2 (Bubbles)

3. + Coagulase (Clot forms)

Front 24

ID for Micrococcus and other Staph Species

Back 24

1. Gram + (Purple)

2. + H2O2 (Bubbles)

3. - Coagulase (Clot does not form)

Front 25

ID for Streptococcus

Back 25

1. Gram + (Purple) Chains

2. - H2O2 (No Bubbles)

(Many other tests to differentiate Streptococcus species)

Front 26

Beta Hemolysis

Back 26

Complete Breakdown of Red Blood Cells

Front 27

Alpha Hemolysis

Back 27

Partial Breakdown of hemoglobin inside of RBC in a blood agar plate producing greenish discoloration around the colonies.

Front 28

Gamma Hemolysis

Back 28

No hemolysis is exhibited on the blood plate.

Front 29

Physiological Tests for Streptococci and Enterococci Differentiation:

Group A Streptococci: S. Pyogenes

Back 29

Beta Hemolysis

+ for Bacitracin Susceptibility

Front 30

Physiological Tests for Streptococci and Enterococci Differentiation:

Group B Streptococci: s. algalactiae

Back 30

Beta Hemolysis

+ for CAMP Reaction

Front 31

Camp Reaction

Back 31

Group B Strept (s. agalaciae) produces an extracellular substance that increases the beta hemolysis production of certain strains of staph aureus. The CAMP test will detect this production.

Front 32

Physiological Tests for Streptococci and Enterococci Differentiation:

Group C Streptococci: s. dysgalactiae

Back 32

Beta Hemolysis

(S) SXT Sensitivity

Front 33

Bile esculin hydrolysis

Back 33

Right: Black agar =

Bile Esculin +

Left: Unchanged Agar =

Bile Esculin -

Front 34

Physiological Tests for Streptococci and Enterococci Differentiation:

Group D Streptococci:

E. Faecalis

E. Faecium

S. Bovis

Back 34

+ Bile Esculin Hydrolysis

Front 35

Physiological Tests for Streptococci and Enterococci Differentiation:

Group D Streptococci:

E. Faecalis

E. Faecium

Back 35

+ Bile Esculin Hydrolysis

and

+ Tolerance to 6.5% NaCl

Front 36

API Test

Back 36

Gram Negative

Boxed reagents filled to top

Underlined reagents: add mineral oil to create anaerobic conditions

Allow to incubate

Develop with developing agents as needed

Generate a 7 figure number

Look up the 7 figure number to identify GR- bacteria

Front 37

Kirby-Bauer Antimicrobic Test

Back 37

The KB test is a test of the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria. It uses antibiotic-impregnated wafers to test the extent to which bacteria are affected by those antibiotics (zones of inhibition).

Front 38

Kirby-Bauer Procedure

Back 38

1. Use a panel of 12 Antibiotics on organism lawn

2. Pure Culture on Mueller-Hinton Agar

3. Standardized test

A. Must innoculate with pure culture

B. The strength of innoculum must be of certain turbudity (McFarland std, 0.5)

C. Antibiotic disc = standard dosages

4. Measure the zones of inhibition in mm

Front 39

Kirby-Bauer Procedure:

Factors which influence Zone Size

Back 39

1. Type of organism

2. Amount of inoculum on the agar plate

3. Type of medium

4. Diffusibility of the chemical

Too much bacteria = false negative

Too little bacteria = false positive

Front 40

Broad Spectrum Antibiotic

Back 40

KIlls both gr- and gr+ bacteria (most, not all)

Front 41

Narrow Spectrum Antibiotic

Back 41

Kills most Gr+ only

Front 42

Drug fastness

Back 42

Resistance to Antibiotics

Front 43

Thermophilic

Back 43

Thrives in heat

Front 44

Thermoduric

Back 44

Can survive/ is durable with high temperatures

Front 45

Antiseptic

Back 45

An antiseptic is used on living tissues and cells to destroy any types of infections which may be living on the tissue.

Front 46

Disinfectant

Back 46

Disinfectants are meant to destroy microorganisms which can infect nonliving objects.