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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define medical terminology.
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A special vocabulary used by healthcare professionals for effective and accurate communication.
Based on Greek and Latin. Uniform throughout the world. (this makes med. term. unique) |
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What is the 'root' of a word?
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Fundamental unit of each medical word. It establishes the basic meaning of the word and is the part to which modifying prefixes and suffixes are added.
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What is the 'suffix' of a word?
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Short word part or series of parts added at the end of a root to modify its meaning.
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What is the 'prefix' of a word?
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Short word part added before a root to modify its meaning.
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Not all roots are ?.
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Not all roots are complete roots.
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The Greek word for "heart".
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The Greek word kardia meaning heart gives us the root 'cardi'.
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The Latin word for lung.
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The Latin word pulmo meaning lung gives us the root 'pulm'.
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Greek word for kidney.
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Greek 'nephr' pertains to kidney.
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Latin word for kidney.
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Latin 'ren' pertains to kidney.
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What are essential for administrative purposes?
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Accurate medical records are essential for administrative purposes.
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The same root may have different meanings in what? Give an example.
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The same root may have different meanings in different fields.
The same root 'myel' means 'marrow' and may apply to bone marrow or the spinal cord. |
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Compound words contain more than one what?
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Compound words contains more than one root.
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When a suffix beginning with a consonant is added to a root what is done to it to aid in pronunciation?
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A vowel (usually an 'o') is inserted b/w the root and the suffix to aid in pronunciation. This is called a combining form. A combining vowel is not usually used if the ending begins with a vowel.
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What happens when you add a suffix to a word ending in 'x' that has a 'y' or consonant before the 'x'? Give an example.
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If there is a consonant or a y before the x ('nx', 'yx', etc.) the 'x' is changed to a 'g'.
ex. Pharynx--> Pharyngeal |
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What happens when you add a suffix to a word ending in 'x' that has a vowel before the 'x'? Give an example.
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If a vowel comes before the 'x' such as 'ix' you change the 'x'to a 'c'.
ex) thorax--> thoracotomy |
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What happens when you add a suffix beginning with rh to a root? Give an example.
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The 'r' is doubled.
ex) hem/o (blood) + rhage (bursting forth) = hemorrhage |
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Phonetically a vowel gets a short pronunciation is it has no what?
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If it has no pronunciation mark.
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Phonetically a vowel gets a long pronunciation when?
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It it has a short line over the vowel.
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What is an acronym? Give an example.
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An abbreviation formed from the first letter of each word of a phrase.
Ex. ASAP |
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A suffix is a word ending that modifies a root. What may it indicate?
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It may indicate that the word is a noun or an adjective, and often determines how the definition of that word will begin.
ex. myel/o = bone marrow; -oid = myeloid = like or pertaining to bone marrow ex. the ending -oma produces myeloma which is a tumor in the bone marrow. ex. -genous = myelogenous = originating in bone marrow |
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List some suffixes that mean "a condition of".
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1. -ia
2. -ism 3. -sis 4. -y 5. -osis 6. -iasis |
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What is dementia?
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A loss of intellectual function.
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What is egotism?
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Exaggerated self-importance.
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What is thrombosis?
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Having a blood clot (thrombus) in a vessel.
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What is atony?
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Lack of muscle tone.
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What do the suffixes '-osis' and 'iasis' denote?
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The denote an abnormal condition.
ex. stenosis is a narrowing of a canal ex. diuresis (increased urination) |
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What are adjective suffixes?
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denote "pertaining to" or "like"
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List 10 adjective suffixes.
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1. -ac
2. -al 3. -ar 4. -ary 5. -form 6. -ic 7. -ical 8. -ile 9. -oid 10. -ory 11. -ous |
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -ac?
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Cardiac - pertaining to the heart.
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -al?
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Vocal - pertaining to the voice
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -ar?
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nuclear - pertaining to a nucleus
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -ary?
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Salivary = pertaining to the saliva.
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -form?
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Epileptiform = resemling epilepsy
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -ic?
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Neurotic = pertaining to neurosis (a mental disorder)
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -ical?
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Anatomical = pertaining to the anatomy
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -ile?
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Virile = pertaining to male, masculine
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -oid?
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Lymphoid = pertaining to the lymphatic system
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -ory?
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Respiratory = pertaining to respiration
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Give an example using the adjective suffix -ous?
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Venous = pertaining to a vein
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What is the plural form for a word ending in 'a'? Give an example.
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'ae'
ex. Vertabrae |
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What is used to pluralize a word ending in -on?
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'a'
ex. phenomenon = phenomena |
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What is used to pluralize a word ending in -is?
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'es'
ex. prognosis = prognoses |
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What is used to pluralize a word ending in -nx?
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'nges'
ex. phalanx = phalanges |
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What term refers to the neck?
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Cervical vertebrae
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What term refers to the upper back?
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Thoracic vertebrae
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What terms refer to the lower back?
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Lumbar vertebrae
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What term refers to the pelvis?
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Sacrum
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What term means 'tip'?
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Coccyx
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What is a lumen?
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The central opening of an organ or vessel.
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The plural of lumen is what?
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Lumine
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List the bones of the hand?
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1. Distal phalanx (tip)
2. Middle phalanx 3. Proximal phalanx (phalanges) |
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What is diplopia?
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The condition of having double vision.
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Term for 'first'?
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Prim/i
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Term for 'one'?
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Mon/o (monoclonal-describing a colony (clone) derived from one cell)
Uni (unify, make into one) |
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Term for 1/2?
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Hemi (one side)
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What does semi mean?
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1/2, partial
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What does bi mean?
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two, twice
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What does di mean?
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two, twice
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What dose dipl/o mean?
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double
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What does tri mean?
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3
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What does quadr/i mean?
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4
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What does tetra mean?
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4
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What does multi mean?
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many
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What does poly mean?
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many, much
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What does cyan/o mean?
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Prefix for blue. ex. cyanosis (blueish)
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What does erythr/o mean?
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Prefix for red. ex. erythema = redness of skin
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What does leuk/o mean?
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Prefix for white/colorless - wbc
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What does melan/o mean?
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Prefix for black, dark. ex. melanin - the dark pigment that colors hair and skin.
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What does xanth/o mean?
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Prefix for yellow. ex. Xanthoma - yellow growth (oma) on the skin.
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List 6 negative prefixes?
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1. a, an
2. anti 3. contra- 4. un 5. non 6. dis |
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What does 'a' or 'an' mean?
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Negative prefix. Mean 'not' or 'without'.
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What does 'anti' mean?
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Neg prefix meanining 'against'.
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What does 'contra' mean?
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Neg prefix meaning 'opposite'
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What does 'un' mean?
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Negative prefix meaning 'not'.
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What does 'non' mean?
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Neg prefix meaning 'not'.
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What does 'dis' mean?
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Neg prefix meaning 'absence', 'removal', or 'separation'.
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List 5 prefixes for direction.
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1. ab
2. ad 3. dia 4. per 5. trans |
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What does 'ab' mean?
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Away from. Abduct. To move away from the midline.
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What does 'ad' mean?
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Toward, near. Adduct. To move toward the midline.
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What does 'dia' mean?
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Through. Diarrhea. Frequent discharge of fluid fecal matter.
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What does 'per' mean?
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Through. Percutaneous. Through the skin.
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What does 'trans' mean?
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Through. Transfusion. Intro of blood or blood components into the bloodstream.
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What does abduction mean?
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Lift arms up.
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What does adduction mean?
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Put arms down.
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List 5 prefixes for degree.
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1. Hyper
2. Hypo 3. Olig/o 4. Pan 5. Super |
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What does 'hyper' mean?
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Over, excess. Hypertension (high bp)
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What does 'hypo' mean?
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Under, below. Hypoglycemia (low bs)
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What does 'olig/o' mean?
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Few. Oligospermia (abnormal low number of sperm cells in semen)
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What does 'pan' mean?
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All. Pandemic (disease affecting entire pop.)
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What does 'super' mean?
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Above, excess.
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What does 'equi' mean?
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Same. (equilibrium)
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What does 'eu' mean?
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True, good, easy, normal. (euthanasia - easy or painless death)
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What does 'hetero' mean?
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Other, different, unequal. (heterogenous - composed of different materials)
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What does 'homo' mean?
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Same, unchanging.
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What does 'iso' mean?
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Equal, same. (isocellular - composed of similar cells)
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What does 'macro' mean?
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Large, abnormally large. (macroscopic - large enough to be seen without microscope)
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What does 'mega' mean?
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Or megalo. Large, abnormally large. (megacolon - enlargement of the colon)
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What does 'micro' mean?
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Small. (microcyte - very small cell)
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What does 'neo' mean?
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New. (neonate - a newborn infant)
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What does 'normo' mean?
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Normal. (normovolemia - normal blood volume)
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What does 'ortho' mean?
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Straight, correct, upright. (orthodontics - branch of dentistry concerned with correction and straightening of the teeth)
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What does 'poikilo' mean?
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Varied, irregular. (piokilothermic - having variable body temp)
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What does 'pseudo' mean?
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False. (pseudoplegia - false paralysis)
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What does 're' mean?
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Again, Back. (reflux - backward flow)
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What does 'ante' mean?
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Before. (antedote - to occur before the time of another event)
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What does 'pre' mean?
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Before, in front of. (prenatal - before birth)
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What does 'pro' mean?
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Before, in front of. (prodrome - symptoms that precede a disease)
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What does 'post' mean?
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After, behind. (postnatal -behind the nose)
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What does 'dextr/o' mean?
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Right. (dextrogastria - displacement of the stomach to the right)
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What does 'sinistr' mean?
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Left. (sinistromanual - left handed)
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What does 'ec, ecto' mean?
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Out, outside. (ectopic - out of normal position)
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What does ex/o mean?
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Away from/ outside. (excise - to cut out)
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What does 'end/o' mean?
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In, within. (endoderm - device for viewing the inside of a cavity or organ)
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What does 'mes/o' mean?
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Middle. (mesencephalon - middle portion of brain, midbrain)
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What does 'syn, sym' mean?
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Together. (synapse - a junction between two nerve cells)
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What does 'tel/e, tel/o' mean?
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End. (telophase - the last stage of cell division, mitosis)
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