Medical Terminology- Ch 13 Renal

Front 1

albumin/o

Back 1

protein

Front 2

bacteri/o

Back 2

bacteria

Front 3

cyst/o, vesic/o

Back 3

bladder or sac

Front 4

dips/o

Back 4

thirst

Front 5

glomerul/o

Back 5

glomerulus (small ball)

Front 6

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

Back 6

glucose (sugar)

Front 7

ket/o, keton/o

Back 7

ketone bodies

Front 8

lith/o

Back 8

stone

Front 9

meat/o

Back 9

meatus (opening)

Front 10

nephro/o, ren/o

Back 10

kidney

Front 11

pyel/o

Back 11

renal pelvis (basin)

Front 12

py/o

Back 12

pus

Front 13

ureter/o

Back 13

ureter

Front 14

urethr/o

Back 14

urethra

Front 15

ur/o, urin/o

Back 15

urine

Front 16

kidneys

Back 16

two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities, forming urine

Front 17

cortex

Back 17

outer part of the kidney

Front 18

hilum

Back 18

indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave

Front 19

medulla

Back 19

inner part of the kidney

Front 20

calices or calyces

Back 20

ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis

Front 21

nephron

Back 21

microscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each of which is capable of forming urine

Front 22

glomerulus

Back 22

small,ball-shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron

Front 23

Bowman capsule

Back 23

top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus

Front 24

renal tubule

Back 24

stem portion of the nephron

Front 25

ureter

Back 25

tube that carries urine from kidney to the bladder

Front 26

renal pelvis

Back 26

basin-like portion of the ureter w/in the kidney

Front 27

ureteropelvic junction

Back 27

point of connection b/n renal pelvis and the ureter

Front 28

urinary bladder

Back 28

sac that hols the urine

Front 29

urethra

Back 29

single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body

Front 30

urethral meatus

Back 30

opening in the urethra to the outside of the body

Front 31

urine

Back 31

fluid produced by the kidneys, containing water and waste products

Front 32

urea

Back 32

waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine

Front 33

creatinine

Back 33

waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine

Front 34

albuminuria, proteinuria

Back 34

presence of albulmin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise

Front 35

anuria

Back 35

absence of urine formation

Front 36

bacteriuria

Back 36

presence of bacteria in the urine

Front 37

dysuria

Back 37

painful urination

Front 38

enuresis

Back 38

involunteary discharge of urine, usually referring to lack of bladder control

Front 39

nocturnal enuresis

Back 39

bed-wetting during sleep

Front 40

glucosuria, glycosuria

Back 40

glucose (sugar) in the urine

Front 41

hematuria

Back 41

presence of blood in the urine

Front 42

incontinence

Back 42

involuntary discharge of urine or feces

Front 43

stress urinary incontinences (SUI)

Back 43

involuntary discharge of urine w/ coughing, sneezing, and/or strained exercise

Front 44

ketonuria

Back 44

presence of ketone bodies in the urine

Front 45

ketone bodies/compounds

Back 45

acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid; pdts of metabolism that appear in the urine from the body's abnormal utilization of carbohydrates, such as occurs in uncontrolled diabetes or starvation

Front 46

nocturia

Back 46

urination at night

Front 47

oliguria

Back 47

scanty pdt'n of urine

Front 48

polyuria

Back 48

condition of excessive urineation

Front 49

pyuria

Back 49

presence of white cells in urine, usually indicating infection

Front 50

urinary retention

Back 50

retention of urine resulting from inability to void (urinate) naturally b/c of spasm or obstruction

Front 51

adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)

Back 51

inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure; diagnosed in adults presenting w/ HTN, kidney enlargement, and recurrent UTIs

Front 52

glomerulonephritis

Back 52

form of nephritis involving glomerulus

Front 53

hydronephrosis

Back 53

pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by obstructed outflow of urine

Front 54

nephritis

Back 54

inflammation of the kidney

Front 55

pyelonephritis

Back 55

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Front 56

nephrosis

Back 56

degenerative disease of the renal tubules

Front 57

nephrolithiasis

Back 57

presence of a renal stone or stones

Front 58

cystitis

Back 58

inflammation of the bladder

Front 59

urethritis

Back 59

inflammation of the urethra

Front 60

urethrocystitis

Back 60

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

Front 61

urethral stenosis

Back 61

narrowed condition of the urethra

Front 62

urinary tract infection (UTI)

Back 62

invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; sx incl dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise

Front 63

uremia, azotemia

Back 63

excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure

Front 64

cystoscopy

Back 64

examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope

Front 65

kidney biopsy (Bx), renal biopsy (Bx)

Back 65

removal of kidney tissue for pathological examination

Front 66

intravenous pyelogram (IVP), intravenous urogram (IVU)

Back 66

x-ray image of urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma, etc

Front 67

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

Back 67

abdominal x-ray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder; typically used as a scout film before obtaining an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Front 68

scout film

Back 68

plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging (eg KUB before IVP)

Front 69

renal angiogram, renal arteriogram

Back 69

x-ray image of renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into catheter in the artery

Front 70

retrograde pyelogram (RP), retrograde urogram

Back 70

x-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after contrast medium has been injected up the kidney by way of small catheter passed through a cystoscope; used to detect the presence of stones, obstruction, etc

Front 71

voiding cystourethrogram (VCU or VCUG)

Back 71

x-ray image of the bladder and urethra obtained during urination

Front 72

abdominal sonogram

Back 72

abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract, including the kidney and bladder

Front 73

urinalysis

Back 73

physical, chemical, and microscoping examination of urine

Front 74

specific gravity (SpGr)

Back 74

measure the conc or dilution of urine

Front 75

pH

Back 75

measure the acidity or alkalinity of urine

Front 76

glucose

Back 76

chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine; most often used to screen for diabetes

Front 77

albumin (alb), protein

Back 77

chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine

Front 78

ketones

Back 78

chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positivie test indicates that fats are being used by the body instead of carbs, which occurs during starvation or an uncontrolled diabetic state

Front 79

urine occult blood

Back 79

chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from RBC hemolysis; indicates bleeding in the kidneys

Front 80

bilirubin

Back 80

chemical test used to detect bilirubin In the urine; seen in gallbladder and liver disease

Front 81

urobilinogen

Back 81

chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine; increased amounts are seen in gallbladder and liver diease

Front 82

nitrite

Back 82

chemical test to dtermine the presence of bacteria in the urine

Front 83

microscopic findings

Back 83

microscopic idenftification of abnormal constituents in the urine (eg RBC, WBC, casts); reported per high- or low-power field (hpf or lpf)

Front 84

urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Back 84

isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorgansims; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, as are drugs to which they are sensitive

Front 85

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 85

blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood; a high BUN indicates the inability of one or both kidneys to excrete urea

Front 86

creatinine, serum

Back 86

test to dtermine the level of creatinine in the blood; useful in assessing kidney function

Front 87

creatinine clearance testing

Back 87

measruements of the level of creatinine in the bood and in a 24 hr urine specimen to determine the rate at which creatinine is "cleared" from the blood by the kidneys

Front 88

urologic endoscopic surgery

Back 88

use of specialized endoscopes (eg resectoscope) w/in the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as rsection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, palacement of a stent, etc

Front 89

resectoscope

Back 89

urologic endoscope inserted through the urehtra to resect (cut and remove) lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate

Front 90

intracorporeal lithotripsy

Back 90

method of destroying stones w/in the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe w/in flexible endoscope; most common used to pulverize bladder stones

Front 91

nephrotomy

Back 91

incision into the kidney

Front 92

nephrorrhaphy

Back 92

suture of an injured kidney

Front 93

nephrolithotomy

Back 93

incision into the kidney for the removal of stones

Front 94

nephrectomy

Back 94

excision of a kidney

Front 95

pyeloplasty

Back 95

surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis

Front 96

stent placement

Back 96

use of a device (stent) to hold open vessels or tubes (eg an obstructed ureter)

Front 97

kidney transplantation, renal transplantation

Back 97

transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another (recipient)

Front 98

urinary diversion

Back 98

creation of temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body; used to treat defects or diseases (eg bladder cancer)

Front 99

noncontinent ileal conduit

Back 99

removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end; the other end is brought through an opening (stoma)created in the abdomen; urine drains continually into an external appliance (bag); noncontinent indicates that urine cannot be held and drains continually

Front 100

continent urostomy

Back 100

internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening (stoma) that is brought through the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage, and the patient empties the pouch by catheterization; continent refers to the ability to hold or retain urine

Front 101

orthotopic bladder; neobladder

Back 101

bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to urethra, allowing "natural" voiding

Front 102

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Back 102

procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone w/in; most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder

Front 103

kidney dialysis

Back 103

methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal filature

Front 104

hemodialysis

Back 104

method of removing impurites by pumping the patient's blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyszer)

Front 105

peritoneal dialysis

Back 105

method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles

Front 106

urinary catheterization

Back 106

methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine

Front 107

straight catheter

Back 107

type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a steril specimen of urine for testing; the catheter is removed immediately after the procedure

Front 108

Foley catheter

Back 108

indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collecion system allowing urine to be drained into a bag; the catheter can remain in place for an extended period

Front 109

suprapubic catheter

Back 109

indwelling catheter inserted directly in the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag; used in patients requiring long-term catheterization

Front 110

analgesic

Back 110

drug that relieves pain

Front 111

antibiotic

Back 111

drug that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms

Front 112

antispasmodic

Back 112

drug that relieves spasm

Front 113

diuretic

Back 113

drug that increases the secretion of urine