Medical Terminology- Ch 12 Ab/gi Diagnostic Tests, Operative, Therapeutic

Front 1

Biopsy (Bx)

Back 1

removal and microscope study of tissue for pathological examination

Front 2

incisional biopsy

Back 2

removal of a portion of a lesion

Front 3

excisional biopsy

Back 3

removal of an entire lesion

Front 4

needle biopsy

Back 4

percutaneous removal of tissue or fluid using a special, hollow needle (eg for liver biopsy)

Front 5

endoscopy

Back 5

examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or tx; used in Gi tract to detect abnormalities and to perform procedures such as bx, excision of lesions, and therapeutic interventions

Front 6

colonoscopy

Back 6

examination of the colon using a flexible colonoscope

Front 7

proctoscopy

Back 7

examination of the rectum and anus with a protoscope

Front 8

sigmoidoscopy

Back 8

examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope

Front 9

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Back 9

examination of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a flexible endoscope for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes, such as biopsy, excision of lesions, removal of swallowed objects, dilation of obstructions, stent placement, measures to control hemorrhage, etc.

Front 10

capsule endoscopy

Back 10

examination of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed in a capsule and then swallowed; images are transmitted to a waist-belt recorder and then downloaded onto a computer for assessment of possible abnormalities; traditional endoscopy cannot completely access the small intestine b/c of its length and complexity

Front 11

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Back 11

endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, biliary ducts, and pancreas; includes use of instruments to obtain tissue samples, extract biliary stones, relieve obstructions etc

Front 12

laparoscopy

Back 12

examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope for diagnostic purposes and/or to perform surgery

Front 13

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 13

nonionizing imaging technique for visualizing the abdominal cavity to identify disease or deformity in the GI tract

Front 14

radiography

Back 14

x-ray imaging used to detect a condition or anomaly within the GI tract

Front 15

upper GI series

Back 15

x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the pt has swallowed a contrast medium; barium is the most commonly used medium

Front 16

barium swallow

Back 16

x-ray of the esophagus only; often used to locate swallowed objects

Front 17

fluoroscopy

Back 17

x-ray imaging with a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion (eg during a barium swallow)

Front 18

small bowel series

Back 18

x-ray examination of the small intestine; generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series

Front 19

lower GI series

Back 19

x-ray imaging of the colon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium

Front 20

barium enema

Back 20

x-ray imaging of the colon after administration of an enema containing barium

Front 21

cholangiogram

Back 21

x-ray image of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery

Front 22

cholecystogram

Back 22

x-ray image of the gallbladder obtained after oral ingestion of iodine

Front 23

CT of the abdomen

Back 23

cross-sectional x-ray imaging of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the GI tract

Front 24

sonography

Back 24

ultrasound imaging

Front 25

abdominal sonogram

Back 25

ultrasound image of the abdomen to detect disease or deformity in organs and vascular structures (eg liver, pancreas, aorta etc)

Front 26

endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)

Back 26

images produced using a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to evaluate abnormalities of the upper and lower GI tracts and adjacent structures; also used to guide needle bx of tissue and in determining malignancy stage

Front 27

stool culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Back 27

isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to ID disease-causing organisms; if organisms are present, the drugs to which they are sensitive are listed

Front 28

stool occult blood study

Back 28

chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; positive findings indicate bleeding in the GI tract

Front 29

abdominocentesis

Back 29

puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid

Front 30

abdominal paracentesis

Back 30

puncture of the abdomen for the aspiration of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (e.g., fluid accumulated in ascites)

Front 31

anal fistulectomy

Back 31

excision of an anal fistula

Front 32

anastomosis

Back 32

union of two hollow vessels; a technique used in bowel surgery

Front 33

appendectomy

Back 33

excision of a diseased appendix

Front 34

bariatric surgery

Back 34

treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and or intestines; procedures include restrictive techniques that limit the size of the stomach and malabsorptive techniques that limit the absorption of food (baros = weight, iatric = pertains to treatment)

Front 35

cheiloplasty

Back 35

repair of the lip

Front 36

cholecystectomy

Back 36

excision of the gallbladder; common treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease (e.g., cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis)

Front 37

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Back 37

excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope

Front 38

colostomy

Back 38

creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus, allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions

Front 39

esophagoplasty

Back 39

repair of the esophagus

Front 40

gastrectomy

Back 40

partial or complete removal of the stomach

Front 41

gastric resection

Back 41

partial removal and repair of the stomach

Front 42

gastroenterostomy

Back 42

formation of an artificial opening between the stomach and small intestine; often performed at the time of gastrectomy to route food from the remainder of the stomach to the intestine; also performed to repair a perforated duodenal ulcer

Front 43

glossectomy

Back 43

excision of all or part of the tongue

Front 44

glossorrhaphy

Back 44

suture of the tongue

Front 45

hemorrhoidectomy

Back 45

excision of hemorrhoids

Front 46

hepatic lobectomy

Back 46

excision of a lobe of the liver

Front 47

herniorrhaphy or hernioplasty

Back 47

repair of a hernia

Front 48

ileostomy

Back 48

surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for the ileal discharges; performed after removal of the colon, such as to treat chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (eg ulcerative colitis)

Front 49

laparoscopic surgery

Back 49

abdominal surgery using a laparoscope

Front 50

laparotomy

Back 50

incision into the abdomen

Front 51

pancreatectomy

Back 51

excision of the pancreas

Front 52

polypectomy

Back 52

excision of polyps

Front 53

proctoplasty

Back 53

repair of the anus and rectum

Front 54

gastric lavage

Back 54

oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and tx, such as to remove blood clots from the stomach or to monitor bleeding (lavage=to wash)

Front 55

nasogastric (NG) intubation

Back 55

insertion of a tube through the nose and into the stomach for various purposes, such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis

Front 56

antacid

Back 56

drug that neutralizes stomach acid

Front 57

antiemetic

Back 57

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

Front 58

antispasmodic

Back 58

drug that decreases the motility in the gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea

Front 59

cathartic

Back 59

drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative