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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vectors |
Physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction |
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Scalars |
Quantities without direction. Scalar quantities may be a magnitude of vectors. |
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How is vector subtraction accomplished? |
By changing the direction of the subtracted vector and then following the procedures for vector addition. |
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How is vector addition accomplished? |
Using tip to tail method or by breaking a vector into its components and using Pythagorean Theorem. |
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Dot product |
The product of the vectors’ magnitudes and the cosine of the angle between them. |
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Cross Product |
The product of the vectors’ magnitudes and the sine of the angle between them. |
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Displacement |
The vector representation of a change in position. |
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Distance |
Scalar quantity that reflects the path traveled |
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Velocity |
The vector representation of the change in displacement with respect to time |
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Average velocity |
Total displacement divided by total time. |
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Average speed |
The total distance traveled divided by the total time |
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Instantaneous velocity |
Limit of the change in displacement over time as the change in time approaches zero. |
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Instantaneous speed |
The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity vector. |
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Force |
Any push or pool that has the potential to result in acceleration. |
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Gravity |
The attractive force between two objects as a result of their masses. |
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Friction |
A force that opposes motion as a function of electrostatic interactions at the surface between two objects. |
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Static friction |
Exists between two objects that are not in motion relative to each other. |
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Kinetic friction |
Exist between two objects that are in motion relative to each other. |
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Coefficient of friction |
Depends on two materials in contact. The coefficient of static friction is always higher than the coefficient of kinetic friction. |
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Mass |
A measure of inertia of an object. |
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Weight |
The force experienced by a given mass due to the gravitational attraction to earth. |
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Acceleration |
The vector representation of the change in velocity over time. |
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The Law of Inertia |
Newton’s 1st Law- an object will remain at rest or move with a constant velocity if there is no net force on it. |
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Newton’s Second Law |
Any acceleration is the result of the sum of the forces acting upon the object and its mass. |
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Newton’s Third Law |
Any two objects interacting with one another experience equal and opposite forces as a result of the interaction. |
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Linear motion |
Includes free fall and motion in which the velocity and acceleration vectors are parallel or anti parallel. |
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Projectile motion |
Contains both an x- and y- component. Assuming negligible air resistance, the only force acting on the object is gravity. |
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Inclined planes |
An example of two-dimensional movement. Easiest to consider the dimensions as being parallel and perpendicular to the surface of the plane. |
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Circular motion |
Has radial and tangential dimensions. In uniform circular motion,the only force is the centripetal force. |
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Free body diagrams |
Representations of the forces acting on an object. Useful for equilibrium and dynamics problems. |
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Rotational equilibrium |
Occurs in the absence of any net torques acting on an object.
An object in rotational equilibrium has a constant angular velocity. |
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Right-hand-rule |
Find direction once we have the magnitude x and y |
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SI unit for force |
Newton kg•m over ssquared |