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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain the roles of the satiety and feeding centers. Where are they located? |
The feeding center causes an animal to eat, and the satiety center causes an animal to cease eating. Both centers are located in the hypothalamus. |
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Studies show that most obese humans have elevated leptin levels in their blood. Based on your understanding of endocrine disorders, propose some reason why leptin is not decreasing food intake in these people. |
The problem might involve abnormal tissue responsiveness-a target cell with no leptin receptors or defective receptors. There might also be a problem with leptin's signal transduction/second messenger pathway. |
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Name seven factors that can influence a person's metabolic rate. |
Age, sex, lean muscle mass, activity, diet, hormones, and genetics |
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Why does the body store most of its extra energy in fat and not in glycogen? |
One gram of fat contains more than twice the energy of 1 gram of glycogen. |
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Complete and balance the following equation for aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule:
C6H12O6 + O2 -> ? +? |
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O |
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What is the RQ for the balanced equation in Concept Check 5? |
RQ = CO2/O2 = 6/6 = 1 |
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Are GLUT transporters active or passive transporters? |
Passive facilitated diffusion transporters |
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What is a dL? |
deciliter or 100mL |
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Use your understanding of digestive physiology to predict the common side effects of taking bile acid sequestrants and ezetimibe. |
Bile acid sequestrants and ezetimibe leave bile salts and cholesterol in the intestinal lumen to be excreted, so possible side effects are losse, fatty feces and inadequate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. |
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What is the difference between glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis? |
Glycogenesis is glycogen synthesis; sluconeogenesis is synthesis of slucose from amino acids or glycerol. |
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When amino acids are used for energy, which pathways in Figure 22.5 do they follow? |
Amino acids used for energy become pyruvate or enter the citric acid cycle. |
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Cholesterol is soluble in lipids, so why does plasma cholesterol need the help of a membrane transporter to enter cells? |
Plasma cholesterol is bound to a carrier protein and can't diffuse across the cell membrane. |
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What are the primary target tissues for insulin? |
The primary target tissues for insulin are liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. |
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Why are glucose metabolism and glucose transport independent of insulin in renal and intestinal epithelium and in neurons? |
If glucose uptake depended on insulin, the intestine, kidney tubule, and neurons could not absorb glucose in the fasted state. Neurons use glucose exclusively for metabolism and must always be able to take it up. |
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What is the advantage to the body of inhibiting insulin release during a sympathetically mediated fight-or-flight response? |
During fight-or-flight, skeletal muscles need glucose for energy. Inhibiting insulin secretion causes the liver to release glucose into the blood and prevents adipose cells from taking it up, making more glucose available for exercising muscle, which does not require insulin for glucose uptake. |
