Pcc - Bio 231 - Anatomy And Physiology - Chapter 1 Questions

Front 1

1) The study of the structure of individual cells is called
A) Histology.
B) Cytology.
C) Embryology.
D) Physiology.
E) Anatomy.

Back 1

B) Cytology.

Front 2

2) The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________ anatomy.
A) Surgical
B) Surface
C) Systemic
D) Regional
E) Gross

Back 2

B) Surface

Front 3

3) The study of all of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body is called ________ anatomy.
A) radiographic
B) surface
C) medical
D) surgical
E) regional

Back 3

E) regional

Front 4

4) An ear, nose, and throat specialist is concerned with the study of ________ anatomy.
A) microscopic
B) surface
C) gross
D) regional
E) systemic

Back 4

D) regional

Front 5

5) The study of early developmental processes is termed
A) Pathology.
B) Embryology.
C) Histology.
D) Cytology.
E) Organology.

Back 5

B) Embryology

Front 6

6) The study of the function of specific organ systems is called
A) Histology.
B) System physiology.
C) Histophysiology.
D) Special physiology.
E) Cell physiology.

Back 6

B) System physiology

Front 7

7) The branch of physiology that deals with changes in function resulting from disease is called
A) Physiological chemistry.
B) Histophysiology.
C) System physiology.
D) Special physiology.
E) Pathological physiology.

Back 7

E) Pathological physiology.

Front 8

8) Arrange the following list of levels of organization from the smallest level to the largest level.
1. tissue
2. cell
3. organ
4. organelle
5. organism
6. organ system
A) 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5
B) 2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5
C) 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 5
D) 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6
E) 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5

Back 8

E) 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5

Front 9

9) Support and protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation are functions of the ________ system.
A) Endocrine
B) Nervous
C) Muscular
D) Skeletal
E) integumentary

Back 9

D) Skeletal

Front 10

10) Locomotion and heat production are the functions of the ________ system.
A) lymphatic
B) skeletal
C) muscular
D) respiratory
E) cardiovascular

Back 10

C) muscular

Front 11

11) The internal transport of cells and dissolved substances is the function of the ________ system.
A) respiratory
B) endocrine
C) integumentary
D) cardiovascular
E) nervous

Back 11

D) cardiovascular

Front 12

12) The kidneys and urinary bladder are organs of the ________ system.
A) digestive
B) lymphatic
C) respiratory
D) urinary
E) endocrine

Back 12

D) urinary

Front 13

13) The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ________ system.
A) endocrine
B) cardiovascular
C) digestive
D) respiratory
E) lymphatic

Back 13

A) endocrine

Front 14

14) Defense against infection and disease is the function of the ________ system.
A) respiratory
B) cardiovascular
C) endocrine
D) urinary
E) lymphatic

Back 14

E) lymphatic

Front 15

15) Lungs are to the respiratory system as the spleen is to the ________ system.
A) lymphatic
B) urinary
C) digestive
D) cardiovascular
E) both A and D

Back 15

A) lymphatic

Front 16

16) Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.
A) integumentary
B) endocrine
C) muscular
D) skeletal
E) both A and B

Back 16

A) integumentary

Front 17

17) The maintenance of a constant and optimal internal environment in an organism is termed
A) Integration.
B) Homeostasis.
C) Positive feedback.
D) Negative feedback.
E) Effector control.

Back 17

B) Homeostasis.

Front 18

18) When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of
A) Nonhomeostatic regulation.
B) Disease.
C) Diagnostic regulation.
D) Positive feedback.
E) Negative feedback.

Back 18

E) Negative feedback.

Front 19

19) A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the
A) Anatomical position.
B) Frontal position.
C) Prone position.
D) Sagittal position.
E) Supine position.

Back 19

A) Anatomical position.

Front 20

20) Which of the following terms refers to the front or chest and abdominal regions of the body?
A) ventral
B) posterior
C) dorsal
D) anterior
E) both A and D

Back 20

E) both A and D

Front 21

21) Which of the following structure is lateral to the nose?
A) mouth
B) chin
C) ear
D) eye
E) both A and C

Back 21

E) both A and C

Front 22

22) The wrist is ________ to the elbow.
A) distal
B) medial
C) horizontal
D) proximal
E) lateral

Back 22

A) distal

Front 23

23) The chest is ________ to the umbilicus.
A) Medial
B) Anterior
C) superior
D) inferior
E) posterior

Back 23

C) superior

Front 24

24) Which of the following regions corresponds to the lower back?
A) lumbar
B) cephalic thoracic
C) pelvic
D) gluteal

Back 24

A) lumbar

Front 25

25) Which of the following regions corresponds to the upper arm?
A) brachial
B) pedal
C) antebrachial
D) femoral
E) cervical

Back 25

A) brachial

Front 26

26) A cut that divides the body into equal left and right halves is known as a
A) Coronal section.
B) Transverse section.
C) Frontal section.
D) Parasagittal section.
E) Midsagittal section.

Back 26

E) Midsagittal section.

Front 27

27) The muscle known as the diaphragm separates the ________ from the ________.
A) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
B) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity
C) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity
D) pleural cavity; mediastinum
E) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity

Back 27

A) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity

Front 28

28) The thoracic cavity contains the
A) Coelom.
B) Pericardial cavity.
C) Pelvic cavity.
D) Pleural cavities.
E) both B and D

Back 28

E) both B and D

Front 29

29) The mediastinum separates the ________ from the ________.
A) thoracic cavity; peritoneal cavity
B) pleural cavity; coelom
C) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity
D) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
E) right pleural cavity; left pleural cavity

Back 29

E) right pleural cavity; left pleural cavity

Front 30

30) The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the
A) Pleura.
B) Mediastinum.
C) Peritoneum.
D) Abdomen.
E) Pericardium.

Back 30

C) Peritoneum.

Front 31

31) Mary, who is 6 months pregnant, goes to her physician for a test to check the development of her fetus. The physician uses a device that emits sound waves to produce an image of the fetus. This technique is known as
A) Radiography.
B) CT.
C) X ray.
D) MRI.
E) Ultrasound.

Back 31

E) Ultrasound.

Front 32

32) A diagnostic technique that uses a computer to produce sectional views of the body from X rays is the
A) Radiograph.
B) Angiogram.
C) CT scan.
D) Ultrasound.
E) MRI scans.

Back 32

C) CT scan.

Front 33

33) When a variation outside normal limits triggers a response that restores the normal condition, the regulatory mechanism involves
A) Positive feedback.
B) Negative feedback.
C) Compensation.
D) Habituation.
E) Adaptation.

Back 33

B) Negative feedback.

Front 34

34) In positive feedback, the initial stimulus produces a response that
A) Interferes with the completion of the process.
B) Suppresses the stimulus.
C) Impedes the stimulus.
D) Has no effect on the stimulus.
E) Exaggerates the stimulus.

Back 34

E) Exaggerates the stimulus.

Front 35

35) Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.
A) form; structure
B) structure; function
C) structure; form
D) function; form
E) growth; form

Back 35

B) structure; function

Front 36

36) Advancing knowledge by forming a question, collecting data related to the query, observing and experimenting, and testing answers is employing
A) A theoretical method.
B) A structural method.
C) The critical method.
D) The scientific method.
E) None of these.

Back 36

D) The scientific method.

Front 37

37) An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be
A) Sweat glands that increase secretion.
B) Regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.
C) Sweat glands that act like effectors.
D) Effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate.
E) Temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.

Back 37

E) Temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.

Front 38

38) The control center within a negative feedback loop that affects body temperature is also known as
A) The homeostatic mechanism.
B) The effector.
C) Homeostasis.
D) The positive feedback center.
E) The integration center.

Back 38

E) The integration center.

Front 39

39) A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)
A) Stimulus.
B) Hypothalamus.
C) Effector.
D) Thermoregulator.
E) Receptor.

Back 39

C) Effector.

Front 40

40) This type of feedback amplifies the effects of a system.
A) negative
B) depressing
C) positive
D) neutral
E) all of the above

Back 40

C) positive

Front 41

1) Homeostasis is to ________ as gross anatomy is to ________.
A) imbalance; microscopic anatomy
B) intervals; microscopic anatomy
C) macroscopic anatomy; unbalance
D) equilibrium; macroscopic anatomy
E) balance; equilibrium

Back 41

D) equilibrium; macroscopic anatomy

Front 42

1) The four quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include
A) Left lower quadrant (LLQ).
B) Left upper quadrant (LUQ).
C) Right lower quadrant (RLQ).
D) Right upper quadrant (RUQ).
E) All of the above.

Back 42

E) All of the above.

Front 43

43) Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?
A) right inguinal region
B) right upper
C) left hypochondriac
D) right hypochondriac

Back 43

B) right upper

Front 44

44) Identify an organ located within the pleural cavity.
A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) spleen
D) heart
E) lung

Back 44

E) lung

Front 45

45) A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the ________ position.
A) Supine
B) posterior
C) dorsal
D) prone
E) caudal

Back 45

A) Supine

Front 46

46) The right pleural cavity surrounds the
A) Heart.
B) Left lung.
C) Trachea.
D) Digestive organs.
E) Right lung.

Back 46

E) Right lung

Front 47

47) The abdominopelvic cavity includes
A) The pelvic cavity.
B) The pericardial cavity.
C) The abdominal cavity.
D) The mediastinum.
E) A and C

Back 47

E) A and C

Front 48

48) Visceral pericardium is located
A) On the lung itself.
B) On the heart itself.
C) Lining the pleural cavity.
D) Lining the pericardial cavity.
E) Lining the spinal cavity.

Back 48

B) On the heart itself.

Front 49

49) The mediastinum
A) Contains the abdominal cavity.
B) Contains the pericardial cavity.
C) Separates the pleural cavities.
D) A and B
E) B and C

Back 49

E) B and C

Front 50

50) Two major body cavities are the
A) Inferior and dorsal.
B) Superior and dorsal.
C) Superior and inferior.
D) Ventral and inferior.
E) Dorsal and ventral.

Back 50

E) Dorsal and ventral

Front 51

51) The spleen would be found in the ________ quadrant, while the appendix would be found in the ________ quadrant.
A) right upper; left upper
B) right upper; right lower
C) left upper; left lower
D) right upper; right upper
E) left upper; right lower

Back 51

E) left upper; right lower

Front 52

52) The liver is primarily located in the ________ region.
A) right inguinal
B) epigastric
C) left inguinal
D) right lumbar
E) left lumbar

Back 52

B) epigastric

Front 53

53) While standing erect, the direction of caudal is
A) Medially.
B) Upward.
C) Downward.
D) Laterally.
E) None of these.

Back 53

C) Downward.

Front 54

1) While standing in the anatomical position,
A) Front refers to ventral.
B) Back refers to posterior.
C) Front refers to anterior.
D) Back refers to dorsal.
E) all of the above

Back 54

E) all of the above

Front 55

55) A chemical imbalance in a heart muscle cell can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
A) All levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
B) All cells are independent of each other.
C) All organisms are composed of cells.
D) Congenital defects can be life-threatening.
E) Chemical molecules make up cells

Back 55

A) All levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.

Front 56

56) The gluteus can be found in the ________ region.
A) Groin
B) Gluteal
C) Cervical
D) Lumbar

Back 56

B) Gluteal

Front 57

1) The common name for the olecranon is the
A) Kneecap
B) Elbow
C) Groin
D) Calf

Back 57

B) Elbow

Front 58

58) The common name for the patella is the
A) Kneecap
B) Elbow
C) Groin
D) Calf

Back 58

A) Kneecap

Front 59

59) The study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts is called:
A) Anatomy
B) Physiology
C) Homeostasis
D) negative feedback
E) irritability

Back 59

A) Anatomy

Front 60

1) Homeostasis in the human body is controlled primarily by which two organ systems:
A) cardiovascular and integumentary systems
B) cardiovascular and respiratory systems
C) skeletal and endocrine systems
D) nervous and skeletal systems
E) nervous and endocrine systems

Back 60

E) nervous and endocrine systems

Front 61

61) Hematopoeisis is the function of the:
A) integumentary system
B) skeletal system
C) nervous system
D) endocrine system
E) digestive system

Back 61

B) skeletal system

Front 62

62) The system that regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood is the:
A) respiratory system
B) cardiovascular system
C) reproductive system
D) muscular system
E) urinary system

Back 62

E) urinary system

Front 63

63) Which of the following activities represents physiological studies:
A) making a section through the heart to observe its interior
B) examining the surface of a bone
C) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
D) drawing blood from laboratory animals to determine their blood sugar levels
E) observing the parts of a reproducing cell

Back 63

D) drawing blood from laboratory animals to determine their blood sugar levels

Front 64

64) Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body:
A) chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
B) chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level
C) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
D) cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
E) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ system level, organismal level, organ level

Back 64

A) chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

Front 65

65) Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides:
A) integumentary system – movement
B) nervous system – excretion
C) muscular system - maintaining boundaries
D) nervous system – responsiveness
E) respiratory system – digestion

Back 65

D) nervous system – responsiveness

Front 66

67) Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control system:
A) receptor, stimulus, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response
B) receptor, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response
C) effector, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, receptor, response
D) stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response
E) stimulus, receptor, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response

Back 66

D) stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response

Front 67

68) Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change:
A) control center
B) stimulus
C) effector
D) receptor
E) efferent pathway

Back 67

D) receptor

Front 68

69) Negative feedback systems:
A) regulate blood clotting and the birth process
B) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases
C) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut of or reduced
D) always inhibit a process as reflected in their naming as negative
E) function in the same way as positive feedback systems

Back 68

C) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut of or reduced

Front 69

70) Your body thermostat is located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Which of the following elements of a control system does this area in the brain represent:
A) control center
B) stimulus
C) effector
D) efferent pathway
E) afferent pathway

Back 69

A) control center

Front 70

66) The survival need that is required in order to release energy from foods is:
A) Nutrients
B) Water
C) atmospheric pressure
D) oxygen
E) constant body temperature

Back 70

D) oxygen

Front 71

71) Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans):
A) superior and caudal
B) inferior and cranial
C) inferior and cephalad
D) anterior and ventral
E) anterior and dorsal

Back 71

D) anterior and ventral

Front 72

72) Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans):
A) superficial and proximal
B) superficial and deep
C) medial and distal
D) lateral and distal
E) posterior and intermediate

Back 72

B) superficial and deep

Front 73

73) Which of the following is an anterior body landmark:
A) sural region
B) popliteal region
C) gluteal region
D) vertebral region
E) antecubital region

Back 73

E) antecubital region

Front 74

74) Which of the following is a dorsal body landmark:
A) scapular region
B) sternal region
C) thoracic region
D) patellar region
E) pubic region

Back 74

A) scapular region

Front 75

75) In describing the relationship between the patellar and femoral regions:
A) the patellar region is superior to the femoral region
B) the patellar region is proximal to the femoral region
C) the patellar region is distal to the femoral region
D) the patellar region is lateral to the femoral region
E) the patellar region is dorsal to the femoral region

Back 75

C) the patellar region is distal to the femoral region

Front 76

76) In describing the relationship of the thoracic and spinal cavities:
A) the thoracic cavity is superior to the spinal cavity
B) the thoracic cavity is inferior to the spinal cavity
C) the thoracic cavity is proximal to the spinal cavity
D) the thoracic cavity is medial to the spinal cavity
E) the thoracic cavity is ventral to the spinal cavity

Back 76

E) the thoracic cavity is ventral to the spinal cavity

Front 77

77) In describing the relationship of the lungs to the heart:
A) the lungs are intermediate to the heart
B) the lungs are caudal to the heart
C) the lungs are superficial to the heart
D) the lungs are lateral to the heart
E) the lungs are cephalad to the heart

Back 77

D) the lungs are lateral to the heart

Front 78

78) The region that contains the navel is the:
A) carpal region
B) umbilical region
C) inguinal region
D) orbital region
E) anterior knee

Back 78

B) umbilical region

Front 79

79) Which of the following is NOT a ventral cavity:
A) thoracic cavity
B) abdominal cavity
C) pelvic cavity
D) spinal cavity

Back 79

D) spinal cavity

Front 80

80) Which of the following statements is true regarding the sternal, axillary, and brachial regions:
A) all of these regions are located on the anterior surface of the body
B) none of these regions are located on the anterior surface of the body
C) only the sternal and axillary regions are anterior
D) only the sternal and brachial regions are anterior
E) only the axillary and brachial regions are anterior

Back 80

A) all of these regions are located on the anterior surface of the body

Front 81

81) Which of the following statements is true regarding the vertebral, occipital, and buccal regions:
A) all of these regions are located dorsally
B) none of these regions is located dorsally
C) only the vertebral and occipital regions are located dorsally
D) only the vertebral and buccal regions are located dorsally
E) only the occipital and buccal regions are located dorsally

Back 81

C) only the vertebral and occipital regions are located dorsally

Front 82

82) A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into right and left parts is called:
A) Sagittal
B) Frontal
C) Transverse
D) Oblique
E) Coronal

Back 82

A) Sagittal

Front 83

83) Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity:
A) Coronal
B) Sagittal
C) Dorsal
D) Ventral
E) Transverse

Back 83

E) Transverse

Front 84

84) Which ventral cavity subdivision has no bony protection:
A) Thoracic
B) Pelvic
C) Abdominal
D) Cranial
E) Spinal

Back 84

C) Abdominal

Front 85

1) Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from superior to inferior, on the medial abdominal surface:
A) epigastric region, hypogastric region, umbilical region
B) epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric region
C) hypogastric region, epigastric region, umbilical region
D) hypogastric region, umbilical region, epigastric region
E) umbilical region, hypogastric region, epigastric region

Back 85

B) epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric region

Front 86

86) Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from superior to inferior, on the lateral abdominal surface:
A) iliac region, hypochondriac region, lumbar region
B) iliac region, lumbar region, hypochondriac region
C) lumbar region, iliac region, hypochondriac region
D) lumbar region, hypochondriac region, iliac region
E) hypochondriac region, lumbar region, iliac region

Back 86

E) hypochondriac region, lumbar region, iliac region

Front 87

87) The lower ribs are located in the:
A) right and left iliac regions
B) right and left lumbar regions
C) right and left pubic regions
D) right and left hypochondriac regions
E) right and left inguinal regions

Back 87

D) right and left hypochondriac regions

Front 88

88) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the location of the spleen and stomach:
A) Both of these organs are located in the left upper quadrant.
B) Both of these organs are located in the right upper quadrant.
C) The spleen is located in the left upper quadrant and the stomach is located in the right upper quadrant.
D) The spleen is located in the right upper quadrant and the stomach is located in the left upper quadrant.
E) Both of these organs are located medially.

Back 88

A) Both of these organs are located in the left upper quadrant.

Front 89

89) Joints are part of the muscular system.
A) False
B) True

Back 89

A) False

Front 90

90) Excretion is the process of removing wastes from the body.
A) True
B) False

Back 90

A) True

Front 91

91) Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback reactions.
A) True
B) False

Back 91

A) True

Front 92

92) As body temperature drops below normal, chemical reactions proceed too rapidly and body proteins begin to break down.
A) False
B) True

Back 92

A) False

Front 93

93) The posterior knee region is termed the peroneal area.
A) False
B) True

Back 93

A) False

Front 94

94) The fingers and toes constitute the digital region.
A) True
B) False

Back 94

A) True

Front 95

95) There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.
A) True
B) False

Back 95

A) True

Front 96

96) The structural and functional unit of life is:
A) an organ
B) a tissue
C) a molecule
D) the organism
E) a cell

Back 96

E) a cell

Front 97

97) The lymphatic system:
A) responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands
B) picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood
C) synthesizes vitamin D
D) produces heat
E) secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells

Back 97

B) picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood

Front 98

1) The ovary is part of which of the following two systems:
A) digestive and endocrine systems
B) digestive and respiratory systems
C) reproductive and endocrine systems
D) reproductive and respiratory systems
E) endocrine and respiratory systems

Back 98

C) reproductive and endocrine systems

Front 99

99) Which of the following glands is NOT part of the endocrine system:
A) pituitary gland
B) adrenal gland
C) thymus
D) testis
E) prostate gland

Back 99

E) prostate gland