Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
primary cause of chronic kidney disease
|
diabetes
|
|
|
|
nephrosclerosis is primarily caused by
|
prolonged HTN, and diabetes
|
|
|
|
two blood levels that are significantly increased in acute kidney injury are
|
creatinine and BUN
|
|
|
|
the leading cause of death for patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis is
|
arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease
|
|
|
|
most common and serious complication of continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
|
peritonitis
|
|
|
|
the major manifestation of nephrotic syndrome
|
edema
|
|
|
|
renal failure characterized by increased glomerular permeability and manifested by massive proteinuria
|
nephrotic syndrome
|
|
|
|
clinical findings expect in patients with nephrotic syndrome
|
proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, diffuse edema, high serum cholesterol, high LDL'S (HYPERLIPIDEMIA)
|
very CONSISTENT WITH EXCEEDINGLY HIGH LEVEL OF PROTEIN IN URINE
|
|
|
A 1 kg weight gain in a patient who is retaining fluid is equal to how many ml
|
1000 ml
|
|
|
|
What electrolyte imbalance has carpopedal spasm, ECG changes, and positive Chvostek's sign
|
deficit in calcium
|
|
|
|
lab findings consistent with acute glomerulonephritis
|
lab findings consistint with acute glomerulonephritis :
RBC in urine, proteinuria, white cell casts in urine |
|
|
|
oliguric
|
urine output less than 400 ml in 24 hrs
|
|
|
|
What food should patients avoid if on potassium restrictions
|
citrus fruits
|
|
|
|
GFR in stage 3 chronic kidney failure
|
GFR WOULD BE 30-59 ml/min
|
|
|
|
patients with chronic kidney failure experience decrease levels of erythropoietin, what serious complication can occur from this
|
anemia
|
|
|
|
500 ml fluid loss is equal to how many pounds
|
1 lb.
|
|
|
|
What major danger should a nurse monitor for after kidney surgery
|
hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage
|
|
|
|
what is the best time to administer calcium acetate (PhosLo)
|
with food
|
|
|
|
how long does it take a fistula to mature
|
2-3 months
|
|
|
|
Acute glomerulonephritis refers to group of kidney disease in which there is
|
1. an inflammatory reaction, 2. antigen - antibody reaction to streptococci,
3. cellular complexes that lodge in glomeruli and injure the kidneys |
|
|
|
in most cases the major stimulus to acute glomerulonephritis is
|
group A streptococcal infection of the throat
|
|
|
|
chronic glomerulonephritis is manifested by
|
anemia secondary to erythropoiesis
|
|
|
|
hyperkalemia is an electrolyte imbalance that occurs in ARF and results from
|
1. protein catabolism
2. electrolyte shifts in response to metabolic acidosis 3. tissue breakdown |
|
|
|
chronic renal failure (ESRD) DECREASED glomerular filtration leads to
|
increased ph
decrease creatinine clearance increase BUN |
|
|
|
antacids that help lower serum phosphorus due to long term toxicity of aluminum products
|
calcium carbonate
|
|
|
|
A process that underlies and supports the procedure of hemodialysis
|
1. diffusion
2. osmosis 3. ultrafiltration |
|
|
|
with peritoneal dialysis, urea and creatinine pass through the peritoneum by
|
diffusion and osmosis
|
|
|
|
6 clinical manifestations seen in chronic renal failure
|
Lethargy headache muscle twitching seizures nausea vomiting and diarrhea there is also dehydration and odor of urine on the breath
|
|
|
|
Calcium deficit
|
Carpopedal spasm and tetany
|
|
|
|
Calcium excess
|
Muscle hypotension and flank pain
|
|
|
|
Fluid volume deficit
|
Oliguria and weight loss
|
|
|
|
Fluid volume excess
|
Crackles and dyspnea
|
|
|
|
Magnesium deficit signs and sx
|
Positive Chvostek's sign
|
|
|
|
What drives potassium back in the cell
|
Insulin
|
|
|
|
Too much aldosterone causes
|
Sodium retention water retention and potassium loss
|
|
|
|
Too little aldosterone causes
|
Sodium loss and water loss and potassium retention
|
|
|
|
Too much bicarb is termed
|
Metabolic alkalosis
|
|
|
|
What is given to treat metabolic acidosis
|
Bicarb
|
|
|
|
Hematuria possible causes
|
glomerular damage, tumors which erode the urinary tract anywhere along its length, kidney trauma, urinary tract stones, Renal infarctes, acute tubular necrosis, upper and lower urinary tract infections, nephrotoxins, physical stress like contact sport or long distance running
|
|
|
|
creatinine clearance or (GFR)
|
males= 85-125 ml/min
females= 75-115 ml/min |
|
|
|
creatinine lab value
|
0.7 - 1.4
|
|
|
|
Urea nitrogen (BUN) lab value
|
10 - 20
|
|
|
|
RBC IN URINE LAB VALUES
|
0 - 2
|
|
|
|
protein in urine lab value
|
> or = to 150 mg/24 hrs
|
|
|
|
more than 150mg/24 hrs is considered
|
proteinuria
|
|
|
|
proteinuria > 3.5 gm/24 hrs is severe and indicates
|
nephrotic syndrome
|
|
|
|
Hypernatremia signs
|
Dry sticky mucous membranes thirst ,rough dry tongue ,fever, restlessness ,weakness, disorientation
|
|
|
|
Hyperkalemia signs signs
|
Diarrhea colic nausea irritability muscle weakness ECG changes
|
|
|
|
urine ph
|
4.6 - 8
|
|
|
|
urine specific gravity
|
1.010 - 1.025
|
|
|
|
can chronic nephritis be asymptomatic
|
yes and sometimes it's to l ate to treat
|
|
|
|
Causes of acute nephritis
|
Post infections viral infections autoimmune such as good pastures antigen antibody complex
|
|
|
|
Manifestations of acute nephritis
|
Decreased urine output, hematuria ,edema, azotemia proteinuria ,and hypertension
|
|
|
|
How long should you be on bed rest for acute nephritis
|
1 to 2 weeks
|
|
|
|
when do you report weight gain
|
2 lbs /24 hrs
5 lbs / week |
|
|
|
how long can it take for labs to return to normal with acute nephritis
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
|
Is there a cure for chronic nephritis
|
No cure poor prognosis may need kidney transplant or dialysis just treat symptoms
|
|
|
|
What is the hallmark sign of nephrotic syndrome
|
Proteinuria
|
|
|
|
What are the three types of acute renal failure
|
Prerenal ,intrarenal ,postrenal
|
|
