Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
In what orientation are the lumbar facets? |
Superior facet are slightly concave and face dorsally and medially. Inferior facet are slightly convex and face ventrally and laterally. |
|
|
What rotation do the concave/convex relationships limit? |
Limits Axial rotation - 1 to 2 Degrees in θY - Resists shear force during θX and θZ |
|
|
Which part of the lumbar is weaker than the rest of the regions of the spine? |
The PLL, everything else is stronger and denser |
|
|
What are the lumbar spine muscles and what are their functions? |
|
|
|
What side do the SP rotate in lateral flexion and rotation? |
The side of concavity |
|
|
What is the global range of motion for the lumbar spine? |
Flexion - 90 degrees Extension - 35 degrees Unilateral lateral flexion - 25 degrees Unilateral rotation - 35 degrees |
|
|
What are the segmental range of motion for the lumbar spine? |
|
|
|
What is the normal amount of translation with flex/ext in the lumbar spine? |
2mm is normal, 4mm would be determining factor for instability |
|
|
Where is the IAR for the lumbar spine for each motion? |
• Flexion– Anterior aspect of the disc below • Extension– Posterior disc, IVF and anterior aspect of facet joint • Lateral flexion– Contra-lateral aspect of disc below • Rotation– Posterior nucleus and annulus to contra-lateral side ofrotation |
|
|
What does the spinous of L5 do to meet the needs of the sacrum in lateral flexion? |
Moves into the convexity |
|
|
Can the L5/S1 joint move like the lumbars? |
Yes |
|
|
What is Lordosis and what degrees is it? |
Lordosis is when the arch in your lumbar spine is too far inwards, affecting your ability to move. Its range is 35 - 45 degrees |
|
|
What is hyperlordosis and what can it cause? |
Hyperlordosis is when the curve exceeds 60 degrees, causing excessive loading of facet joints, increased compressive load of post annulus, irritation to PLL and possible increased DJD (Degenerative joint disease) |
|
|
What is the orientation of the facets of the lumbosacral junction? |
Coronal |
|
|
Where does the iliolumbar ligaments run from? |
TP's of L5 to sacrum and iliac crest |
|
|
What are the two major factors involved with injury in the lumbar spine? |
Compressive forces and Rotational strain |
|
|
What are the 3 stages of the degenerative process with rotational strain? |
• Dysfunction – paradoxical motion • Instability – degenerative changes • Stabilization – osteophytes and fusion |
|
|
When is the lumbar in its most vulnerable position? |
Torsional loads with flexion creates high amounts of stress on the IVDasthe facet joints are separated to allow for the flexion. |
|
|
Which position has the highest percentage load? |
Extension, as it places a shear load on the facets |
