Life 1010 Exam 3

Front 1

3 DNA processes

Back 1

1. DNA replication
2. Transcription
3. Translation

Front 2

DNA replication
1. starting molecule: ________
2. molecule produced: _________
3. purpose: ________

Back 2

1. DNA
2. DNA
3. copy DNA to replicate

Front 3

DNA Transcription
1. starting molecule:___________
2. molecule produced:________
3. purpose:_______

Back 3

1. DNA
2. mRNA
3. create genetic material to code for short-term

Front 4

DNA Translation
1. starting molecule:_______
2. molecule produced:________
3. purpose:________

Back 4

1. mRNA
2. protein
3. to produce protein to perform needed function

Front 5

Primary functions of nucleic acids
1.
2.

Back 5

1. carry genetic information
2. add infrastructure to other biological processes
-tRNA
-rRNA

Front 6

carries genetic information long-term

Back 6

DNA

Front 7

carries genetic information short-term

Back 7

mRNA

Front 8

Two historical studies done to determine function of DNA
1.
2.

Back 8

1. Avery, McCarty, MacLead (1944)
2. Hershey Chase study (1952)

Front 9

What was the Avery, McCarty, MacLead study?

Back 9

•Degraded transforming cellular components
▪used proteases, RNases, DNases
▪Demonstrate that only when DNA is degraded, transformation stops

Front 10

What was the Hershey Chase study?

Back 10

•Bacteriophage infection with labeled protein and DNA
▪Protein labeled with Sulfur
▪DNA labeled with Phosphorus
•After infection begins, agitate culture,
▪Determine which isotope is contained within the cells
▪Still see daughter virions produced, lack of protein

Front 11

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Back 11

Nucleotides
》A, T, C, G, and U

Front 12

3 Components of A Nucleotide

Back 12

nitrogenous base
5 - carbon sugar
phosphate

Front 13

Draw a nucleotide.

Back 13

Front 14

Nucleotides are covalently bounded via ______________.

Back 14

phosphodiester linkages

Front 15

What is the directionality of nucleic acids?

Back 15

5' ------》3'

Front 16

New bases are always added to the ______' end.

Back 16

3'

Front 17

________ bonds between bases.

Back 17

hydrogen

Front 18

________ project from the backbone of DNA.

Back 18

nitrogenous bases

Front 19

The secondary structure of DNA was discovered by _______ & _________.

Back 19

Watson and Crick

Front 20

Two strands of DNA form a _________. (shape)

Back 20

double helix

Front 21

DNA strands run (parallel / antiparallel)

Back 21

antiparallel

Front 22

DNA Replication:
1.Each strand serves as the template for replicating the other.
Due to: ________________ & ______________
Results in one strand of original DNA, and one new strand
2. Requires lots of ________.
____________ reaction.
dNTPs incorporated as DNMPs
ATP ----》 AMP (3 P to 1 P)

Back 22

1. complimentary base pairing // semi-conservative replication
2. energy // polymerization