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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alkane to Haloalkane |
Substitution Cl2 or Br2 (aq) UV catalyst |
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Alkene to dihaloalkane |
Addition Cl2 or Br2 |
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Alkene to alkane |
Addition H2 Finely divided Ni |
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Symmetrical Alkene to alcohol |
Addition H20/H+ High pressure and high temp |
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Symmetrical Alkene to haloalkane |
Addition HBr or HCl (hydrogen halide) |
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Asymmetrical alkene to alcohol |
Addition
H20/H+ Forms minor or major product based on markovnikovs rule
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Asymmetrical alkene to haloalkane |
Addition Hydrogen halide Forms minor and major product based on markovnikovs rule |
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Markovnikovs rule |
"Rich get richer" Major-H atom of hydrogen halide attaches to C atom with the most H atoms attached already |
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Alkene to diol |
Oxidation MnO4-/H+ (produces Mn+) MnO4- (produces MnO2) |
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Polymerisation |
Alkene undergoes addition with itself |
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Haloalkane to alcohol |
Substitution
KOH (aq) Refluxing Produces Halide ion as well |
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Haloalkane to aminoalkane |
Substitution 2NH3 (alc) Produces NH4halide as well |
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Haloalkane to alkene |
Elimination
KOH (alc) Refluxing Can be confirmed with bromine water- rapid decolourisation Produces halide in as well |
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Elimination of asymmetrical haloalkane |
KOH (alc) Produces minor and major product based on saytzeffs rule |
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Saytzeffs rule |
"Poor get poorer" Major- Double bond of product forms between carbon atom that halide was attached to and adjacent carbon with lowest number of hydrogen. |
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Alcohol to carboxylic acid |
Oxidation
Cr2O7²-/H+ OR MnO4-/H+ Can be confirmed using NaCO3- fizzing ONLY PRIMARY ALCOHOLS Secondary forms ketones Tertiary does not oxidise |
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Primary, Secondary, Tertiary |
1⁰- The C atom which functional group is bonded to is bonded to 1 other C atom 2⁰- The C atom which functional group is bonded to is bonded to 2 other C atoms 3⁰- The c atom which functional group is bonded to is bonded to 3 other C atoms. |
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Potassium dichromate Cr2O7²- reaction |
Colour changes from orange to green |
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Reaction with MnO4- " " " MnO4‐/H+ |
MnO4- purple to brown MnO4‐/H+ - purple to colourless |
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Reactions involving carboxylic acids |
Same as those for strong acids Reacts with base- salt + water Reacts with metal- salt + hydrogen gas Reacts with carbonate- salt + H2O + CO2 |
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Amines |
Acid-base reactions e.g neutralisation |
