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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Culture
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-the sum total of the knowledge, ideas, behaviors, and material creations that are learned, shared, and transmitted primarily through the symbolic system of language. These components create a pattern that changes over time and serve as guides and standards of behavior for members of the society. The term Culture is used in the abstract as well as to refer to a specific culture.
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Attribute
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-a discrete characteristic of an artifact. Attributes include shape, size, design elements and their placement, and techniques of manufacture.
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Enculturation
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-the process of learning one's culture while growing up in it.
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Homogeneous Culture
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-cultural group that shares most ideas, values, knowledge, behaviors, and artifacts. Typical of small cultural groups such as foragers.
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Heterogeneous Culture
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-Cultural group that shares only a few components. Typical of large societies such as states, where there are many subcultures such as ethnic groups.
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Innovation
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-something totally new.
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Invention
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-Something new that is created based on items or ideas that already exist.
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Diffusion
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-the borrowing and exchange of items or ideas b/w cultures.
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Ideal Culture
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-what people believe they should do.
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Real Culture
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-what people can be observed to to do.
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Subculture
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-smaller group within a large cultural complex. Behaviors, values, attitudes, and artifacts are shared by group members.
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Microculture
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-the smallest subgroup within a culture that shares specific cultural features such as values or behaviors.
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Ethnic Group
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-a type of subculture characterized by members sharing a culture or origin, often one originating in another country.
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Race
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-Biologically: a group within a species that shares a cluster of genetically determined traits. No such trait clusters occur among Homo Sapiens.
-Culturally: a social construct based on perceived cultural differences. |
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Cline
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-the variation of a biological trait along a geographic continuum. Human skin pigments show distribution along a cline from the equator north and south.
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Plasticity
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-the pliability or malleability of a biological feature. An individual's genetic growth potential is malleable depending on nutrition, maternal health, and exposure to sunlight.
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Melanin
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-a pigment int he outer layer of the skin. It is responsible for skin color and blocks UVB from damaging lower layers of the skin.
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UVB
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-ultraviolet radiation from the sun in the B wavelenth.
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Ultraviolet Radiation
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-a part of the electromagnetic energy from the sun that is not visible to the human eye.
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Folate
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-a metabolite essential for sperm and embryonic neural tube development that is destroyed by UVB.
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