Lecture 2.4 Abdominal Organs And Posterior Thoracic Wall

Front 1

Liver

Back 1

Largest internal organ and gland of the body. Function: bile production and secretion, detoxification, blood clotting, storage.

Front 2

Liver peritoneum

Back 2

Parietal peritoneum encases liver.

There is a bare area in direct contact with diaphragm (not covered by peritoneum)

Front 3

Divisions of the Liver

Back 3

L&R lobes, Quadrate Lobe, Caudate lobe.

Falciform ligament separates L from R, gallbladder and porta hepatis separate quadrate and caudate. The quadrate and caudate are on L side.

Front 4

Portal Triad

Back 4

Enters liver at porta hepatis

Portal vein

Hepatic artery

Bile passages

Front 5

Hepatic Portal System

Back 5

Liver recieves blood from GI tract thru portal v., bringing the products of digestions. Hepatic veins them empty blood from liver into IVC.

Front 6

Gallbladder

Back 6

Pear shaped sac, lies on inf surgace of liver. Consists of: Fundus, body, neck (gives rise to cystic duct) Functions: recieves, stores, concentrates and expels bile. Bile breaks down fat to make digestions more efficient

Front 7

Flow of bile

Back 7

Produced in liver

Stored and concentrated in gall bladder

Exreted into cystic duct which leads to bile duct which leads to duodenum.

Bile flow into duodenum controlled by the sphincter of Oddi at the ampulla of Vater.

Front 8

Pancreas

Back 8

Lies posterior to stomach b/w duodenum on R and spleen on L. Functions: produces digestive enzymes and empties into duodenum thru pancreatic duct. Secretes insulin and glucagon directly into blood.

Divided into head, neck, body and tail.

Front 9

Pancreatic duct

Back 9

Joins w/ bile duct. Forms hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater)- funnel shaped. Expels bile and pancreatic digestive enzymes into duodenum (2nd part)

Front 10

Spleen

Back 10

Large lymphatic organ. Lies against diaphragm and ribs 9-11 on left side. Functions: filter blood, stores red corpuscles, produces lymphocytes and antibodies.

Front 11

Rupture of spleen

Back 11

Occurs in trauma as in football players when tackled from the left side. Spleen also ruptures easily when enlarged (splenomegaly) as in infectious mononucleosis, malaria, or septicemia) requires splenectomy.

Front 12

Splenic Artery

Back 12

Takes a tortuous course posterior to the omental bursa anterior to left kidney, and along the superior border of pancreas.

Front 13

Kidneys

Back 13

Retroperitoneal

Right Kidney- lower due to liver, located at 12th rib

Left kidney- located at 11-12th ribs

Remove excess water and salts from blood

Returns nutrients to the blood.

Can be injured if these ribs are injured

Front 14

Kidneys- internal anatomy, pathway of urine

Back 14

Nephrons are located (mostly) in renal pyramids.

Pathway of urine: minor calyx-->major calyx---> renal pelvis---> ureter---> urinary bladder---> urethra

Front 15

Ureters

Back 15

Retroperitoneal throughout its length; serves the passage of urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder.

Can cause ureteric colic when rapidly distended by passage of ureteric calculus (stones)

Front 16

Arteries of posterior abdomen

Back 16

Unpaired visceral: Celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.

Paired parietal (segmental): subcostal, inferior phrenic, lumbar, spinal arteries.

Paired visceral: suprarenal, renal, testicular/overarian arteries.

Abdominal aorta

Unpaired parietal: Median sacral

Front 17

Celiac trunk- what organs does it supply?

Back 17

Supplies liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, and esophagus.

Celiac trunk branches into splenic artery, common hepatic artery and left gastric artery.

Front 18

Superior Mesenteric Artery- what organs does it supply?

Back 18

SMA branches into:

Jejunal (supplies jejunum)

Ileal A (supplies ileum)

Ileocoloic A (supplies cecum)

Right colic A (supplies ascending colon)

Middle Colic A (supplied transverse colon)

** Jejunal A and ileal A anastomost to form arterial arcades

Front 19

Inferior Mesenteric Artery- what does it supply?

Back 19

Supplies:

Distal 1/3 of colon- left colic a. supplies descending colon, sigmoid a. supplies sigmoid colon

Rectum: Superior rectal A.

Front 20

Veins from abdominal organs

Back 20

All venous blood from GI tract drains into portal vein to be filtered by the liver. Also need to know:

Splenic V, Superior Mesenteric V, Inferior Mesenteric V, R&L renal V, R&L gonadal V, hepatic V, IVC, and Lumbar V.

Front 21

Iliopsoas

Back 21

Iiacus+ Psoas Major= Iliopsoas.

During fracture neck of femur, the ilipsoas muscles rotates the femor outward so that the food lies with the toes pointing laterally (important clinical sign of femoral neck fracture

Front 22

Posterior abdominal wall -Nerves

Back 22

Subcostal N

Iliohypogastic N

Ilioinguinal N

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous N

Genitofemoral (on top of Psoas Major)

Femoral N

Obturator N

Front 23

Somatic innervation of Abdomnal Wall

Back 23

Motor to muscles and sensory from skin

Front 24

Dermatomes of Abdominal Wall

Back 24

Everything in the back is a little higher