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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the principle macromolecular components of ECM? |
- Collagens - Proteoglycans - Matrix glycoproteins |
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What are the key enzymes involved in collagen biosynthesis? |
1) Prolyl 3 hydroxylase 2) Prolyl 4 hydroxylase 3) Lysyl hydroxylase 4) N-terminal proteinase 5) C-terminal proteinase 6) Lysyl oxidase |
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What are the features of basement membranes? |
- type IV collagen - forms chicken wire lattice |
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Where is type X collagen expressed? |
- in the growth plate cartilage of vertebrates - mutation in COL10A1 = Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid (dwarfism) |
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Collagen in invertebrates: sea cucumber |
- forms part of the dermal wall - can transform from one state (stiff and elastic) to another (fluid) - because collagen fibrils are discontinuous - can slide past one another - fibrils can slide past one another |
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What are the features of proteoglycans (another ECM component)? |
- glycoproteins = unbranched long sugar side chains called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attached to a protein core - GAG - made of a repeating dissacharide unit - One of the two sugar residues is always an amino sugar - the amino sugars carry a high -ve charge |
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What is the structure of proteoglycans (image)? What do they bind to and what is the use of that? |
- bind to both cell and ECM components (adhesive glycoproteins) - in cell migration, proliferation and differentiation |
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What are the principle macromolecular components of the ECM? |
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What are the roles of skeletal CT? |
- Adapted for mechanics of movement - Loadbearing |
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What are the properties of cartilage? |
- tough, semi-transparent, elastic and flexible - absorbs compressive forces, maintain tissue shape, lubricate |
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What is the ECM composition of skeletal CT? |
- Bone - more collagen fibres, larger collagen fibrils, higher tensile strength; proteoglycans in mature bones are mainly small - Cartilage - contains high levels of proteoglycans, resiliency, thinner collagen fibrils |
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What is the composition of hyaline cartilage? |
- Type II collagen fibrils - thinner than type I in bone - highly hydrated ECM (60-80% of wet weight is water) - Contains complex proteoglycan aggregates (10%) - hyaluronan is a GAG not a proteoglycan |
