Lecture 11 Ppt1 Exam 2 Ana 209

Front 1

What is the most abundant tissue in the body?

Back 1

Skeletal Muscle

Front 2

What provides the basis of movement?

Back 2

Bones and skeletal muscles

Front 3

What does the term muscular system refer to?

Back 3

Only skeletal muscles

Front 4

What are the three types of muscles?

Back 4

Skeletal, Cardiac, smooth

Front 5

What is the study of skeletal muscles?

Back 5

Myology

Front 6

Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary?

Back 6

Voluntary

Front 7

Is skeletal muscle striated or not?

Back 7

striated

Front 8

What does striated mean?

Back 8

Alternating light and dark bands

Front 9

What is skeletal muscles attached to?

Back 9

Bone

Front 10

What are skeletal muscle cells called?

Back 10

Muscle fibers and myofibers

Front 11

Is cardiac muscle striated or not?

Back 11

Striated

Front 12

Is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?

Back 12

Involuntary

Front 13

What are cardiac muscle cells called?

Back 13

Cardiocytes or myocytes

Front 14

Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary?

Back 14

Involuntary

Front 15

Is smooth muscle striated or non straited?

Back 15

Non striated

Front 16

What is smooth muscle shaped as?

Back 16

Fusiform, tapered at the ends

Front 17

What are striations a result of?

Back 17

Overlapping arrangement of proteins

Front 18

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Back 18

In the walls of the heart

Front 19

What is cardaic muscle responsible for?

Back 19

Contractions

Front 20

What are the stretches of skeletal muscle that are in between the nucleus called?

Back 20

Endomysium

Front 21

What are the functions of muscle?

Back 21

Movement, stability, Control of body openings and passages, heat production, glycemic control

Front 22

What types of things fall under movement?

Back 22

Body parts, body contents, communcitation

Front 23

What types of things fall under stability?

Back 23

Maintain posture, resist pull of gravity

Front 24

What types of things does heat production fall under?

Back 24

Up to 85 % of body heat, maintaining homeostasis,

Front 25

What types of things fall under glycemic control?

Back 25

Regulating blood glucose, absorb, store and use glucose

Front 26

what are the properties of muscles?

Back 26

Excitability, conductivity, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

Front 27

react to stimuli

Back 27

excitability

Front 28

move stimulation through muscle cell

Back 28

conductivity

Front 29

shorten when stimulated

Back 29

contractility

Front 30

Stretch without harm

Back 30

Extensibility

Front 31

Can recoil from stretch

Back 31

Elasticity

Front 32

A skeletal muscle is a_________

Back 32

organ, and has more than skeletal muscle tissue

Front 33

What other things does skeletal muscle consist of besides skeletal muscle tissue?

Back 33

Muscular, connective and nervous tissue and blood vessels

Front 34

What are the pieces of connective tissue and fascicles?

Back 34

Endomysium, Perimysium (Fascicles), Epimysium, and Fascia

Front 35

Thin piece of connective tissue around each muscle fiber

Back 35

endomysium

Front 36

thicker piece of connective tissue that binds fibers into fascicles

Back 36

perimysium

Front 37

bundles of fibers

Back 37

fascicles

Front 38

connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

Back 38

epimysium

Front 39

connective tissue sheets that separate neighboring muscles from each other and from the skin and separates muscles into function groups or compartments

Back 39

epimysium

Front 40

What are the different fascicle orientation muscle classification?

Back 40

Parallele muscle, fusiform muscle, pennate muscle, triangular convergent muscles, circular muscles (sphincters)

Front 41

What are the strength of a muscle and direction of its pull determined partly by?

Back 41

The orientation of the fascicles

Front 42

Differences in muscle fascicle orientation form the basis for what?

Back 42

Classification of muscle into five types

Front 43

muscles that are thick in the middle and tapered at each end

Back 43

fusiform

Front 44

What are examples of fusifrom muscles?

Back 44

Biceps bachii and gastrocnemius

Front 45

Long strap-like muscles of uniform width and parallel fascicles

Back 45

Parallel muscles

Front 46

fan-shaped muscles begin at a broad origin and converge on a narrower insertion

Back 46

convergent

Front 47

Example of parallel muscle

Back 47

sartorius

Front 48

Example of convergent muscle

Back 48

pectoralis major

Front 49

feather-shaped muscles in which fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon that runs the length of the muscle like the shaft ofa featerh

Back 49

Pennate

Front 50

Example of pennate muscle

Back 50

deltoid

Front 51

Spinchters form rings around body openings

Back 51

Circular muscles

Front 52

Example of circular muscle

Back 52

Orbiculris oculi

Front 53

What do tendons do?

Back 53

Attach muscle to bone

Front 54

muscles connect periosteum to what?

Back 54

Matrix

Front 55

Aponeurosis

Back 55

Broad sheet of tendon

Front 56

What are the ways muscles can attach to other parts of the body?

Back 56

Indirect to bone

Aponeurosis

Direct fleshy attachement

Can attach to tissues

Front 57

What happens in direct fleshy attachment of muscles?

Back 57

Close association with bone

Gap contains collagen fibers

Front 58

Muscles attachment at relatively stationary end of bone

Back 58

origin

Front 59

muscles attachment at more mobile end of bone

Back 59

insertion

Front 60

area between origin and insertion

Back 60

Belly

Front 61

When does a direct fleshy attachment occur

Back 61

When collagenous fibers of the epimysium are continuous with the periosteum

red muscles seems to emerge from the bone

Front 62

Indirect attachement

Back 62

a tendon emerges from the connective tissue of the muscles and merges into the periosteum

Front 63

Where do muscles of facial expression attach?

Back 63

Collagen fibers of the dermis

Front 64

Most skeletal muscles do what with respect to attachment?

Back 64

1. attach to a different bone at each end

2. Span at least one joint

3. Move one bon relative to another

Front 65

T or F: the moving and stationary ends cannot be reversed in different actions of the same muscle

Back 65

F, may be reversed

Front 66

Effect produced by a muscle

Either produces or prevents movement

Back 66

Action

Front 67

Produces main force of action

Back 67

Primer mover (agonist)

Front 68

Aids prime mover

Stabilizes joint

Back 68

Synergist

Front 69

opposes prime mover

antagonists pair- act on opposite sides of joint

Back 69

Antagonist

Front 70

prevents bone movement

Back 70

fixator

Front 71

What are the functional groups of muscles?

Back 71

Action, primer mover or agonist, synergist, antagonist, fixator

Front 72

Muscles that have both origin and insertion and are contained in a particular region such as head or hand

Back 72

Intrinsic

Front 73

muscles that Act upon a designated region, and has an origin elsewhere

Back 73

Extrinsic

Front 74

Example of extrinsic muscles

Back 74

muscles of the forearm whose tendons extend into the hand

Front 75

system to gain speed, distance or force

Back 75

lever

Front 76

joint is akin to the

Back 76

fulcrum

Front 77

Effort is akin to the

Back 77

muscle

Front 78

resistance (load)

Back 78

object moved

Front 79

What are the portions of the muscles and bones as levers?

Back 79

Lever, fulcrum or joint, effort or muscle, resistance or load, effort arm, resistance arm

Front 80

Bones act as what_________

Back 80

levers

Front 81

What do bones as levers act on?

Back 81

Muscles

Front 82

What do muscles do in the lever analogy?

Back 82

exert force

Front 83

What does a lever rotate around?

Back 83

a fixed point known as the fulcrum

Front 84

When does rotation occur in the lever/muscle/e bone analogy?

Back 84

when effort applied to one point on the lever overcomes a resistance (load) located at some other point

Front 85

What is the effort arm?

Back 85

The part of a lever from the fulcrum to the point of effort

Front 86

Resistance arm is the part of the lever from where to where

Back 86

fulcrum to point of resistance

Front 87

bone is the

Back 87

lever

Front 88

joint is

Back 88

fulcrum

Front 89

effort is generated by

Back 89

muscle

Front 90

What is the function of a lever?

Back 90

Produce a gain in speed and distance or force of motion (lever cannot do both at the same time)

Front 91

With levers, their is a trade off between

Back 91

speed and force, relating to the mechanical advantage of the lever

Front 92

Mechanical advantage is equal to the

Back 92

length of the effort arm divided by the length of the resistance arm

Front 93

If the mechanical advantage is greater than 1.0 the lever produces more

Back 93

force but relatively less speed and distance

Front 94

First class of levers

Back 94

Fulcrum in the middle, seesaw, atlanto-occipital joint

effort at one end, and resistance at the other

Front 95

Second class of levers

Back 95

Resistance in the middle, lifting wheelbarrow, mandible

fulcrum at one end, effort at other end

Front 96

Third class of levers

Back 96

Effort in middle, paddling canoe, elbow

fulcrum at one end, resistance at the other end,

Front 97

End on slide

Back 97

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