King's Speach

Front 1

Reign v2/n verb rein

Back 1

to rule as king, queen, emperor, etcthe reigning monarch Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901

to be the best or most important in a particular situation or area of skillthe reigning champion In the field of classical music, he still reigns supreme

(of an idea, a feeling or an atmosphere) to be the most obvious feature of a place or momentAt last silence reigned (= there was complete silence). For a while, chaos and confusion reigned

the period during which a king, queen, emperor, etc. rulesin/during the reign of Charles II

Front 2

Closing adj1/n1

Back 2

coming at the end of a speech, a period of time or an activityhis closing remarks the closing stages of the game

the act of shutting sth such as a factory, hospital, school, etc. permanentlythe closing of the local school

Front 3

Association e^seusi'eishe^n

In association with

Back 3

an organization that consists of a group of people who have the same aims, do the same kind of work etc:the Association of Master Builders

in association with somebody/somethingmade or done with another person, organization etc:concerts sponsored by the Arts Council in association with local businesses

a connection or relationship between two events, ideas, situations etcassociation betweenthe strong association between the disease and middle-aged women

Front 4

Dominion de^'minjen n3

Colony ka:leni

D

Back 4

3 (in the past) any of the countries of the British Commonwealth that had their own government

an area controlled by one rulerthe vast dominions of the Roman Empire

authority to rule; controlMan has dominion over the natural world

Colony

a country or an area that is governed by people from another, more powerful, countryformer British colonies

a group of people who go to live permanently in a colony

a group of plants or animals that live together or grow in the same place

Front 5

Stage n/v2 verb

Back 5

to organize and present a play or an event for people to seeto stage a ceremony/an event/an exhibition The local theatre group is staging a production of ‘Hamlet’.

to make sth happenThe dollar staged a recovery earlier today. After five years in retirement, he staged a comeback to international tennis

o organize and take part in action that needs careful planning, especially as a public protestto stage a strike/demonstration/march/protest

Front 6

Stage n5

Back 6

a period or state that sth/sb passes through while developing or making progressThis technology is still in its early

a separate part that a process, etc. is divided into phase We did the first stage of the trip by train

] a raised area, usually in a theatre, etc. where actors, dancers, etc. performThe audience threw flowers onto the stage

Front 7

Addresss v5

Back 7

5.5to make a formal speech to a large group of peopleaddress a meeting/conference etcHe addressed an audience of 10,000 supporters

to speak to someone directly:She turned to address the man on her left

if you address an envelope, package etc, you write on it the name and address of the person you are sending it toaddress something to somebodyThat letter was addressed to me

Front 8

.

Back 8

.

Front 9

Heir er

Heir to the throne

Back 9

the person who has the legal right to receive the property or title of another person when they dieheir toJohn was the sole heir to a vast estate.heir to the throne (=the person who will become king or queen

the person who will take over a position or job after you, or who does things or thinks in a similar way to you:Jonson was his political heir as leader of the Nationalist Party.

Front 10

Over the counter adj

Counter

Back 10

1....... drugs can be obtained without a prescription (=a written order) from a doctor

over-the-counter business shares are ones that do not appear on an official stock exchange list

Front 11

Lumberjack la^mbe^d3aek

Back 11

(especially in the US and Canada) a person whose job is cutting down trees or cutting or transporting wood

Front 12

Awkward adj5

Back 12

difficult to deal with difficult Don't ask .... questions. You've put me in an awkward position

1. making you feel embarrassed

I felt awkward because they obviously wanted to be alone

not convenient inconvenient Have I come at an awkward time

4 difficult or dangerous because of its shape or designThis box is very awkward for one person to carry

Front 13

Miscellaneous mise^'leinie^s

Back 13

consisting of many different kinds of things that are not connected and do not easily form a group

diverse, variousa sale of miscellaneous household items She gave me some money to cover any miscellaneous expenses

Front 14

Broadly

Back 14

in a general way, relating to the main facts rather than details:She knows broadly what to expect.broadly similar/comparable/equivalent etcWe reached broadly similar conclusions.Broadly speaking, there are four types of champagne.Independent films are, broadly defined, movies that appeal to sophisticated audiences

2smile/grin broadly to have a big smile on your face that clearly shows that you are happy or amused

Front 15

Respirator respe^reite^r

Back 15

a piece of equipment that makes it possible for sb to breathe over a long period when they are unable to do so naturallyShe was put on a respirator

a device worn over the nose and mouth to allow sb to breathe in a place where there is a lot of smoke, gas, etc

Front 16

Particulate pa:'tikje^le^t

Back 16

relating to, or in the form of, particles.particulate pollution

Front 17

Irritation iri'teishen

Back 17

] the feeling of being annoyed about something, especially something that happens repeatedly or for a long time:The heavy traffic is a constant source of irritation.irritation at/withThe doctor’s irritation at being interrupted showed

something that makes you annoyed:The children are just an irritation for him when he’s trying to work.

a painful sore feeling on a part of your body:The astringent can cause irritation to sensitive skin.a throat irritation

Front 18

Contaminent n1

Back 18

a substance that makes sth impureFilters do not remove all contaminants from water

Front 19

Restoration reste^'reishn

Back 19

of sth the act of bringing back a system, a law, etc. that existed previouslythe restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries the restoration of democracy/the monarchy

the work of repairing and cleaning an old building, a painting, etc. so that its condition is as good as it originally wasThe palace is closed for restoration

the act of returning sth to its correct place, condition or ownerthe restoration of the Elgin marbles to Greece

Front 20

Restore ri'sto:r

Back 20

to bring back a situation or feeling that existed beforeThe measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy

to bring a law, tradition, way of working, etc. back into use reintroduceto restore ancient traditions

Front 21

Restore ri'sto:r

Back 21

to bring back a situation or feeling that existed beforeThe measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy

to bring a law, tradition, way of working, etc. back into use reintroduceto restore ancient traditions

Front 22

Broadcast bra:caest n1/v1

Bro:dka:st bre

Back 22

a radio or television programme: (BrE) a party political broadcast (= for example, before an election) We watched a live broadcast of the speech (= one shown at the same time as the speech was

to send out programmes on television or radioThe concert will be broadcast live (= at the same time as it takes place) tomorrow evening. Most of the programmes are broadcast in English. They began broadcasting in 1922

Front 23

Inaugural i'no:gjure^l a:l adj2

Back 23

(of an official speech, meeting, etc.) first, and marking the beginning of sth important, for example the time when a new leader or parliament starts work, when a new organization is formed or when sth is used for the first timethe President's inaugural address

the professor's inaugural lecture

Front 24

Larynx laerinks n1

Back 24

the part in your throat where your voice is produced → vocal cords

Front 25

Liberty

Take the liberty of doing sth

Take liberty with sb/sth

Back 25

] something you do without asking permission, especially which may offend or upset someone elsetake the liberty of doing somethingI took the liberty of cancelling your reservation

take liberties with somebody/somethinga)to make unreasonable changes in something such as a piece of writing:The film-makers took too many liberties with the original novel

take liberties with somebody/somethinga)to make unreasonable changes in something such as a piece of writing:The film-makers took too many liberties with the original novel to treat someone without respect by being too friendly too quickly, especially in a sexual way:He’s been taking liberties with our female staff

to treat someone without respect by being too friendly too quickly, especially in a sexual way:He’s been taking liberties with our female staff

Front 26

Enunciate i'na^nsiet v

Back 26

to pronounce words clearly and carefully

2[transitive] formal to express an idea clearly and exactly:ideas that he was to enunciate decades later

Front 27

Loo n1

Bre informal

Toilet bre

Restroom ame

The ladies bre the ladies room ame

The gents bre the men's room ame

Back 27

nformal a toilet:I need to go to the loo (=use the toilet

the ladies’ roomAmerican English a public toilet for women: Where’s the ladies? | I need to go to the ladies’ room.the gents British English, the men’s roomAmerican English a public toilet for men: I followed him into the gents. | I’ve got to go to the men’s room. Excuse me

Front 28

Content n3/adj2/verb

Contents noun

Back 28

happy and satisfied with what you haveNot content with stealing my boyfriend (= not thinking that this was enough), she has turned all my friends against me

Poor and content is rich ,rich enough

He seemed more content, less bitter. He had to be content with third place

to accept and be satisfied with sth and not try to have or do sth betterMartina contented herself with a bowl of soup. The crowd contented themselves with shouting insults

Contents

the things that are contained in sth He tipped the contents of the bag onto the table. Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building

contents [plural] the different sections that are contained in a booka table of contents (= the list at the front of a book) a contents page

Front 29

Receptionist n1

Back 29

someone whose job is to welcome and deal with people arriving in a hotel or office building, visiting a doctor etc

Front 30

Chuffing adj1

Back 30

a mild swear word that some people use when they are annoyed, to avoid saying ‘*******’The whole chuffing world's gone mad

Front 31

Promising adj

Back 31

showing signs of being successful or good in the future

a promising career in lawa promising young actora promising start

Front 32

Avail e^'veil

To No avail

Back 32

.......(formal) with little or no successThe doctors tried everything to keep him alive but to no avail

) to be helpful or useful to sb

o make use of sth, especially an opportunity or offer~ sthTo avail all these benefits, just register online

Front 33

Indenture n

Indentured

Back 33

a type of contract in the past that forced a servant or apprentice to work for their employer for a particular period of time

indentured labourers

Front 34

Servitude s3:vitjud n1

Slavery syn

Back 34

the condition of being a slave or being forced to obey another person slaverya life of poverty and servitude

Front 35

Hubby ha^bi

Back 35

formal husband

Front 36

Pop n4/v father

Back 36

) used as a word for ‘father’, especially as a form of addressHi, Pop!

popular music of the sort that has been popular since the 1950s, usually with a strong rhythm and simple tunes, often contrasted with rock, souland other forms of popular musicrock, pop and soul

) a sweet fizzy drink (= with bubbles) that is not alcoholic

Front 37

Inane i'nein adj

Back 37

very stupid or without much meaning:Most pop lyrics are pretty inane.an inane remark

Most pop lyrics are pretty inane

Dave smiled inanely

Front 38

Regard

Highly regarded

Back 38

to think about someone or something in a particular way

Edith was widely regarded as (=considered by many people to be) eccentric.His work is highly regarded (=regarded as very good) by art experts

to look at someone or something, in a particular way:She stood back and regarded him coldly

Front 39

Herring hering

Back 39

a N Atlantic fish that swims in very large groups and is used for food

shoals of herring fresh herring fillets pickled herrings

Front 40

Southampton sauthhaempton

Back 40

a city on the English Channel coast in the south of England. It is an important port for both passengers and goods, and it also has a university

Front 41

Mallard meala:d n1

Back 41

a common wild duck

Front 42

Plughole pla^ghoul

Back 42

the hole in a bath or sink that the water flows out of, and which you can put a plug into SYN drain American English

go down the plughole informala)if work or effort goes down the plughole, it is completely wasted:Two years of hard work went right down the plughole

Front 43

Commotion ke^'moushn n1

Back 43

sudden noisy activity:They heard a commotion downstairs.Everyone looked to see what was causing the commotion

Front 44

Scrub n/v noun

Back 44

small bushes and treesThe bird disappeared into the ....

] to clean sth by rubbing it hard, perhaps with a brush and usually with soap and water

Front 45

Mackerel maeke^re^l n1

Back 45

a sea fish with greenish-blue bands on its body, that is used for foodsmoked mackerel

Front 46

Albatross aelbe^tross

Back 46

a very large white bird with long wings that lives in the Pacific and Southern Oceans

a thing that causes problems or prevents you from doing sthThe national debt is an albatross around the president's neck

Front 47

Tail

Short-taild white-tailed

Back 47

the part that sticks out at the back of an animal’s body, and that it can move:The dog wagged its tail.white-tailed/long-tailed etca white-tailed eagle

Front 48

Be out of the question

Back 48

be...... if something is ....., it is definitely not possible or not allowed:You can’t go in that old shirt – it’s out of the question

Front 49

Discontent

Back 49

a feeling of being unhappy because you are not satisfied with a particular situation; sth that makes you have this feeling

There is widespread discontent among the staff at the proposed changes to pay and conditions

Front 50

Lour

Lower2 v1

Lower1 v v2/adj3 also lour

Back 50

of the sky or clouds) to be dark and threateningHuge clouds lowered over the bay

Lower 1 v.to let or make sth/sb go down~ sthHe had to lower his head to get through the door

to reduce sth or to become less in value, quality, etcHe lowered his voice to a whisper

Front 51

Bosom buze^m n3

The bosom of sth

Back 51

the ~ of sth [singular] a situation in which you are with people who love and protect youto live in the bosom of your family They were welcomed into the bosom of the Church

] a woman's chest or breastsher ample bosom

Front 52

Brow n3 brau

Back 52

literary) the part of the face above the eyes and below the hair foreheadThe nurse mopped his fevered brow

eyebrowOne dark brow rose in surprise

the top part of a hillThe path disappeared over the brow of the hill

Front 53

Diction technical n2

Back 53

2.the choice and use of words in literatureWordsworth rejected poetic diction in favour of ordinary language

the way that sb pronounces wordsclear diction

Front 54

Yearning j3:rnin

Yearning for

Yearn

Back 54

a strong desire for something SYN longingyearning fora yearning for travel

a yearning for a quiet life

Verb

literary to have a strong desire for something, especially something that is difficult or impossible to get SYN longyearn forHannah yearned for a child

Front 55

Commence ke^'mens v3

Back 55

to begin to happen; to begin sthThe meeting is scheduled to commence at noon. I will be on leave during the week

The company commenced operations in April

In everyday English, people usually say startrather than commence:The concert was just about to start

Front 56

Timing n3

Back 56

the act of choosing when sth happens; a particular point or period of time when sth happens or is plannedThe timing of the decision was a complete surprise

the skill of doing sth at exactly the right timean actor with a great sense of comic timing

Front 57

Sb's strong suit

Back 57

to be a subject that sb knows a lot aboutI'm afraid geography is not my strong suit

to be good at sthI'm not very strong on dates (= I can't

remember the dates of important events).2 to have a lot of sth

Front 58

Snap verb7/n/adj verb move

Back 58

o move, or to move sth, into a particular position quickly, especially with a sudden sharp noise

The lid snapped shut

His eyes snapped open

to speak or say sth in an impatient, usually angry, voice+ speech‘Don't just stand there,’ she snapped

4 [intransitive] ~ (at sb/sth) to try to bite sb/sth nipThe dogs snarled and snapped at our heels

to suddenly be unable to control your feelings any longer because the situation has become too difficultMy patience finally snapped

Front 59

Snap n6/adj1/excal

Back 59

a sudden sharp noise, especially one made by sth closing or breakingShe closed her purse with a snap. the snap of a twig

a photograph, especially one taken quicklyholiday snaps

Adj.made or done quickly and without careful thought or preparationIt was a snap decision. They held a snap election

you say snap! in the card game called ‘Snap’when two cards that are the same are put down2 (BrE, informal) people say snap! to show that they are surprised when two things are the sameSnap! I've just bought that CD too

Front 60

Physician fi'zishe^n n1

Back 60

a doctor, especially one who is a specialist in general medicine and not surgery compare surgeon This word is now old-fashioned in BrE. Doctor or GP is used instead

Front 61

Recollection n2

Back 61

a thing that you remember from the past memoryto have a clear/vivid/dim/vague recollectionof sth his early recollections of his father

the ability to remember sth; the act of remembering sth

memory~ (of doing sth) I have no recollection ofmeeting her before

Front 62

Temper n6/v noun

Back 62

if sb has a , they become angry very easilya violent/short/quick, etc. temper

He must learn to control his temper

a short period of feeling very angryto fly into a temper

the way that you are feeling at a particular time moodCome back when you're in a better temper. to be in a bad/foul, etc. temper

) to make sth less severe by adding sth that has the opposite effectJustice must be tempered with mercy. The hot sunny days were tempered by a light breeze

Front 63

Natter v2/n verb

Back 63

to talk for a long time about unimportant thingsSYN chatnatter to/withSometimes she would pick up the telephone and natter to Charles

natter aboutLynne’s been nattering on about the wedding for weeks

the act of talking about unimportant things SYN chat:We sat down and had a natter and a cup of tea

Front 64

Charge v7

Back 64

to ask an amount of money for goods or a service

What did they charge for the repairs

to record the cost of sth as an amount that sb has to pay

They charge the calls to their credit-card account

to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court~ sbSeveral people were arrested but nobody was charged.

Front 65

Fortune fo:rtse^n n4 money

Back 65

2.a large amount of money

e made a ... in real estate

You don't have to spend a fortune to give your family tasty, healthy meals

chance or luck, especially in the way it affects people's livesI have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors

Front 66

Flawless adj1 flaw

Flawlessy

Flaw

Back 66

without ..... and therefore perfect

a ..... complexion/performance Her English is almost flawless. flawless

Flaw

a mistake in sth that means that it is not correct or does not work correctly defect, faultThe argument is full of fundamental flaws.

a crack or fault in sth that makes it less attractive or valuableThe vase is in excellent condition except for a few small flaws in its base

a weakness in sb's characterThere is always a flaw in the character of a tragic hero

a crack or fault in sth that makes it less attractive or valuableThe vase is in excellent condition except for a few small flaws in its base

Front 67

Wager n2/v2

Back 67

] to bet money

She always wagered on an outsider.~ sth (on sth) to wager £50 on a horse~ sth/sb that… I had wagered a great deal of money that I would beat him

used to say that you are so confident that sth is true or will happen that you would be willing to bet money on it betI'll wager that she knows more about it than she's saying

N.an arrangement to risk money on the result of a particular event

Front 68

Bob n/v noun

Back 68

3an old British coin, the shilling, worth 12 old pence

a style of a woman's hair in which it is cut the same length all the way around

Front 69

Acquainted e^'kweinted

Be acquainted with sth

Acquaint

Back 69

familiar with sth, having read, seen or experienced itThe students are already acquainted with the work of Shakespeare

not close friends with sb, but having met a few times beforeWe got acquainted at the conference (= met and started to get to know each other

Acquaint.

~ sb/yourself with sth (formal)to make sb/yourself familiar with or aware of sthPlease acquaint me with the facts of the case. You will first need to acquaint yourself with the filing system

Front 70

Sublime se^'blaim adj3/n4

Person's behaviour

Back 70

of very high quality and causing great admirationsublime beauty a sublime combination of flavours

of a person's behaviour or attitudes) extreme, especially in a way that shows they are not aware of what they are doing or are not concerned about what happens because of

the sublime confidence of youth He battled on, in the sublime conviction that he was in the right

Front 71

Realm n2 relm

Back 71

2.) a country ruled by a king or queen kingdomthe defence of the realmbeyond/within the realms of possibilitynot possible/possibleA successful outcome is not beyond the realms of possibility

1.1 an area of activity, interest, or knowledgein the realm of literature At the end of the speech he seemed to be moving into the realms of fantasy

Front 72

Souvenier su:ve^nier n2

Back 72

thing that you buy and/or keep to remind yourself of a place, an occasion or a holiday/vacation; something that you bring back for other people when you have been on holiday/vacation

I bought the ring as a souvenir of Greece. a souvenir shop

Front 73

For the present

Back 73

....... something that exists or will be done for the present exists now and will continue for a while, though it may change in the future:The company is still in business, at least for the present

Front 74

Tranquility n traenkwil

Tranquil adj

Back 74

quiet and peaceful serenea ..... scene the tranquil waters of the lake She led a tranquil life in the country

Front 75

Prosperity n1 pra'spere^ti

Back 75

the state of being successful, especially in making money affluenceOur future prosperity depends on economic growth. The country is enjoying a period of peace and prosperity

Front 76

Depression n5 economic di'preshn

Back 76

a long period during which there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobs → recession

a weather condition in which the pressure of the air becomes lower, often causing rainan atmospheric depression moving east from the Atlantic

a medical condition in which a person feels very sad and anxious and often has physical symptoms such as being unable to sleep, etcclinical depression

Front 77

Dishearten his:ha: v1

Back 77

to make sb lose hope or confidence discourageDon't let this defeat dishearten you. dis•heart•ened

Front 78

Chap tsarp n1

Back 78

used to talk about a man in a friendly wayHe isn't such a bad chap really. Come on, chaps, let's go for a drink

Front 79

Square adj 10 body

Back 79

y if someone’s body or a part of their body is ...., it looks broad and strong:a .... jaw

parallel with a straight linesquare withI don’t think the shelf is square with the floor

e forming a 90° angle, or being close to or similar to a 90° angle:square corners

Front 80

Face up to sth

Back 80

to accept and deal with a difficult fact or problem:They’ll never offer you another job; you might as well face up to it

They’ll never offer you another job; you might as well face up to it

Front 81

Bold n/adj4 of people

Boldly

Back 81

(of people or behaviour) brave and confident; not afraid to say what you feel or to take risks

(of shape, colour, lines, etc.) that can be easily seen; having a strong clear appearance

(of shape, colour, lines, etc.) that can be easily seen; having a strong clear appearancethe bold outline of a mountain against the sky

Front 82

Ingratiate in'greishiet (yourself with)

Back 82

to do things in order to make sb like you, especially sb who will be useful to youThe first part of his plan was to ingratiate himself with the members of the committee

Front 83

Invariably in'veariebli

Back 83

if something ....happens or is .... true, it always happens or is true:It invariably rains when I go there.The security guards were invariably ex-servicemen

adverbalways without failThis acute infection of the brain is almost invariably fatal. This is not invariably the case. Invariably the reply came back, ‘Not now!

Front 84

Intimidate v2 frighten

Back 84

to frighten or threaten sb so that they will do what you wantThey were accused of intimidating people into voting for them. She refused to be intimidated by their

Front 85

Jackboot

Back 85

a tall boot that reaches up to the knee, worn by soldiers, especially in the past2 the jackboot [singular] used to refer to cruel military ruleto be under the jackboot of a dictatorial regime It was only a matter of time before the heel of the jackboot smashed down

Front 86

Abyss e^'bis n3

Back 86

3a very big difference that separates two people or groups:the gaping

... between these grand buildings and my own miserable home

a deep empty hole in the ground

very dangerous or frightening situationabyss ofThe country might plunge into the abyss of economic ruin.At that time Bosnia was standing on the edge of an abyss

Front 87

Rustic ra^stik adj2/n1

Back 87

) typical of the country or of country people; simplean old cottage full of rustic charm

made very simply of rough wooda rustic garden seat a rustic fence

a person who lives in or comes from the countrya simple rustic in a Shakespearean comedy

Front 88

Gullet ga^lit n1

Back 88

the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach oesophagusSee picture

Front 89

Attribute aetribjut n1/ v noun

Back 89

a quality or feature, especially one that is considered to be good or useful:What attributes should a good manager possess?

Front 90

Tis tiz

Back 90

It is.

Front 91

Noble n1/adj3 adj

Back 91

very impressive in size or quality splendida noble building

having fine personal qualities that people admire, such as courage, honesty and care for others

Front 92

Slings and arrows

Back 92

problems or criticisms:We’ve all suffered the slings and arrows of day-to-day living

4.a piece of rope with a piece of leather in the middle, used in past times as a weapon for throwing stones

a piece of cloth tied around your neck to support an injured arm or handin a slingShe had her arm in a sling

Front 93

Outrageous aut'reid3e^s adj2

Back 93

very shocking and extremely unfair or offensive:.... pricesan outrageous attack on his policies

extremely unusual and slightly amusing or shocking:an outrageous hairstyleHe says the most outrageous things

Front 94

Consummation ka^nse^'meishn n2

Back 94

the fact of making sth complete or perfectThe paintings are the .....of his life's work

the act of making a marriage or relationship complete by having sex

the point at which something is complete or perfect SYN realization:the consummation of his ambitions

Front 95

Thistle thise^l n1

Back 95

a wild plant which has leaves with sharp points and purple or white furry flowers

Front 96

Flabby adj2

Back 96

..... tummy

having soft, loose flesh; fatflabby thighs He's got soft and flabby since he gave up running

weak; with no strength or forcea flabby grip a flabby argument

Front 97

Vowel vaue^l n2 phonetic

Back 97

a speech sound in which the mouth is open and the tongue is not touching the top of the mouth, the teeth, etc, for example /ɑː, e, ɔː/vowel sounds Each language has a different vowel system

a letter that represents a vowel sound. In English the vowels are a, e, i, o, and u.

Front 98

Pneumonia nu:mounie^ n1

Back 98

a serious illness affecting one or both lungs that makes breathing difficult

Front 99

Premature preme^'tsur adj3

Prematurely

Back 99

3.happening or made too soona .... conclusion/decision/judgement It is premature to talk about success at this stage.

The child was born prematurely

happening before the normal or expected timehis premature death at the age of 37 Because of injury, her playing career came to a premature end in 2008

Front 100

Patent paetent n1/adj3/v

Back 100

Adj.

protected by a patent:a patent lock

patent lie/nonsense/impossibility etc formalused to emphasize that something is clearly a lie etc SYN obvious

N.a special document that gives you the right to make or sell a new invention or product that no one else is allowed to copy → copyrightpatent on/forHe applied for a patent for a new method of removing paint

Front 101

Constitute kanstitju:t v3

Back 101

3.sth to form a group legally or officially establish, set upThe committee was constituted in 1974 by an Act of Parliament

(not used in the progressive tenses) to be considered to be sthDoes such an activity constitute a criminal offence? The increase in racial tension constitutes a threat to our society

Front 102

Wildfire n1

Back 102

a fire that moves quickly and cannot be controlled

Front 103

Drowsy drauzi n2

Back 103

tired and almost asleep sleepyThe tablets may make you feel drowsy

making you feel relaxed and tireda drowsy afternoon in the sunshine

Front 104

Tardy adj2

Tardiness n

Back 104

slow to act, move or happen; late in happening or arrivingThe law is often tardy in reacting to changing attitudes. people who are tardy in paying their bills (NAmE) to be tardy for school

Front 105

Temperament tempe^re^ment n1

Back 105

a person's or an animal's nature as shown in the way they behave or react to situations or people

to have an artistic temperament

She's a dreamer and a romantic by temperament

the tendency to get emotional and excited very easily and behave in an unreasonable way

an actor given to displays of temperament

Front 106

Muck n/v

Muck around

Back 106

muck aˈbout/aˈround(BrE, informal) to behave in a silly way, especially when you should be working or doing sth else

I spent most of my time at school mucking about and getting into trouble.ˌmuck aˈbout/aˈround with sth

especially to a machine, so that it does not work correctly

to work with other people in order to complete a taskIf we all muck in, we could have the job finished by the end of the week.2 to share food, accommodation, etc. with other people

Front 107

Muck n/v

Muck around

Back 107

(BrE, informal) to behave in a silly way, especially when you should be working or doing sth else

I spent most of my time at school mucking about and getting into trouble.ˌmuck aˈbout/aˈround with sth

especially to a machine, so that it does not work correctly

to work with other people in order to complete a taskIf we all muck in, we could have the job finished by the end of the week.2 to share food, accommodation, etc. with other people

Front 108

Brewer bru:e^r n1

Back 108

a person or company that makes beerSix big brewers account for about 75% of total beer sales in the UK

Front 109

Warble v2

Back 109

] to sing with a high continuous but quickly changing sound, the way a bird does

~ (sth) (of a bird) to sing with rapidly changing notes

Front 110

Croon kru:n v1

Back 110

to sing sth quietly and gentlyShe gently crooned a lullaby. Bobby Darren was crooning ‘Dream Lover

Front 111

Strut v1/n2

Back 111

1 a long thin piece of wood or metal used to support or make part of a vehicle or building stronger

an act of walking in a proud and confident wayShe recognized his arrogant strut

to walk proudly with your head up and chest out to show that you think you are importantThe players strutted and posed for the cameras

Front 112

Ministration n1

Back 112

the act of helping or caring for sb especially when they are ill/sick or in troubleHe recovered swiftly under the nurse's expert ministrations

Front 113

Tease v4/n verb

Back 113

o laugh at sb and make jokes about them, either in a friendly way or in order to annoy or embarrass themDon't get upset—I was only teasing

to annoy an animal, especially by touching it, pulling its tail, etc

to make sb sexually excited, especially when you do not intend to have sex with them

a person who likes to play tricks and jokes on other people, especially by telling them sth that is not true or by not telling them sth that they want to know

Front 114

Hand sth back

Back 114

to give something back to the person who gave it to you, with your hand

to give something back to the person who used to own it

Kurt examined the document and handed it back to her

Front 115

Epilepsy n1

Epileptic

Back 115

a disorder of the nervous system that causes a person to become unconscious suddenly, often with violent movements of the body

Front 116

Sift v3 examine

Back 116

2. to examine sth very carefully in order to decide what is important or useful or to find sth important~ sthWe will sift every scrap of evidence

3.to separate sth from a group of thingsHe sifted the relevant data from the rest. She looked quickly through the papers, sifting out from the pile anything that looked interesting

Front 117

Stalk n/v v4

Back 117

to move slowly and quietly towards an animal or a person, in order to kill, catch or harm it or themThe lion was stalking a zebra

to move through a place in an unpleasant or threatening wayThe gunmen stalked the building, looking for victims

Front 118

Shack n1

Back 118

a small building that has not been built very well:a tin shack

Front 119

Etiquette etiket n1

Back 119

the formal rules of correct or polite behaviour in society or among members of a particular professionadvice on etiquette medical/legal/professional etiquette

Front 120

Sec

A sec

Back 120

a very short time; a secondStay there. I'll be back in a sec. Hang on (= wait) a sec

Front 121

Precarious pri'kaeries adj

Back 121

) not safe or certain; dangerousHe earned a precarious living as an artist. The museum is in a financially precarious position. The world is a precarious and unstable place

likely to fall or cause sb to fallThat ladder looks very precarious. The path down to the beach is very precarious in wet weather. pre•car•ious•ly/BrE prɪˈkeəriəsli; NAmE prɪˈkerəriəsli/adverbThe economy is precariously close to recession

Front 122

Tsar za:r tsa:r n1

Back 122

the title of the emperor of Russia in the pastTsar Nicholas II

an official whose job is to advise the government on policy in a particular area: (BrE) a drugs tsar

Front 123

Dreary driri adj

Back 123

that makes you feel sad; dull and not interesting

a long and dreary journey on the train

he dresses all looked drearily similar—I didn't like any of them

Front 124

Recognize officially accept

Back 124

3 to accept and approve of sb/sth officially~ sb/sth (as sth)recognized qualifications The UK has refused to recognize the new regime

to give sb official thanks for sth that they have done or achievedHis services to the state were recognized with the award of a knighthood

Front 125

Wretched ' retsid adj 4

Back 125

used to show that you think that sb/sth is extremely annoyingIs it that .... woman again

of a person) feeling ill/sick or unhappyYou look wretched—what's wrong? I felt wretched about the way things had turned out

Front 126

Elocution ele^kju:ahe^n n1

Back 126

the ability to speak clearly and correctly, especially in public and pronouncing the words in a way that is considered to be socially acceptable

Front 127

Brush up

Back 127

to practise and improve your skills or your knowledge of something that you learned in the past:I must brush up on my French before I go to Paris.

Front 128

Hint n5/v1 v

Back 128

[intransitive, transitive]to suggest sth in an indirect way~ at sthWhat are you hinting at?~ (that)… They hinted (that) there might be more job losses

something that you say or do in an indirect way in order to show sb what you are thinkingHe gave a broad hint (= one that was obvious)that he was thinking of retiring

something that suggests what will happen in the future signAt the first hint of trouble, they left

Front 129

Scoop n/v verb

Back 129

to publish a story before all the other newspapers, television companies, etcThe paper had inside information and scooped all its rivals

to move or lift sth with a scoop or sth like a scoop~ sth (+ adv./prep.)She scooped ice cream into their bowls. First, scoop a hole in the soil

N.an important or exciting news story that is printed in one newspaper or shown on one television station before any of the others know about it:

Front 130

Geisha n1

Geisha girl

Back 130

a Japanese woman who is trained to entertain men with conversation, dancing and singing

Front 131

Vulgar adj3

Back 131

remarks, jokes etc that are .... deal with sex in a very rude and offensive way

not behaving politely in social situations SYN uncouth:vulgar behaviour

Front 132

Bugger n4

Back 132

an offensive word used to insult sb, especially a man, and to show anger or dislikeCome here, you little bugger! You stupid bugger! You could have run me

used to refer to a person, especially a man, that you like or feel sympathy forPoor bugger! His wife left him last week. He's a tough old bugger

a thing that is difficult or causes problemsThis door's a bugger to open

Front 133

Prig n1

Back 133

a person who behaves in a morally correct way and who shows that they disapprove of what other people do

Front 134

Defecate v1 defekeit

Defecation

Back 134

to get rid of solid waste from your body through your bowels

Front 135

Fornicate v1 fo:nikeit

Fornication

Back 135

to have sex with sb that you are not married to for•ni•ca•tion

Front 136

Infatuated infaetsueited

Infatuated with

Back 136

having a very strong feeling of love or attraction for sb/sth so that you cannot think clearly and in a sensible way

She was completely infatuated with him

Front 137

All hell broke loose

Back 137

used to say that people suddenly become very noisy or angry:Journalists woke him with the news and all hell broke loose

Front 138

Outshine v1

Back 138

to be more impressive than sb/sth; to be better than sb/sthHe far outshone the rest of the class

to be better or more impressive than someone or something else:Several new players outshone the veterans

Front 139

Treason tri:zen

Back 139

the crime of doing sth that could cause danger to your country, such as helping its enemies during a war

Front 140

Border n/v v2

Border on sth

Back 140

.......something phrasal verb

to be very close to being something extreme:His confidence bordered on arrogance

f one country, state, or area borders another, it is next to it and shares a border with it:countries that border the Mediterranean

Front 141

Jumped-up

Back 141

thinking you are more important than you really are, particularly because you have risen in social statusHe's not really an accountant, just a jumped-up office clerk

Front 142

Outback

Back 142

the .... the Australian countryside far away from cities, where few people live

Front 143

Take liberties with sb/sth

Back 143

2. to treat someone without respect by being too friendly too quickly, especially in a sexual way:He’s been taking liberties with our female staff

to make unreasonable changes in something such as a piece of writing:The film-makers took too many liberties with the original novel

Front 144

Carnation ka:neishe^n

Back 144

a white, pink, red or yellow flower, often worn as a decoration on formal occasionsHe was wearing a carnation in his buttonhole

Front 145

Abdicate v2 aebdikeit

Back 145

to give up the position of being king or queen.He abdicated in favour of his son

to fail or refuse to perform a duty

Front 146

Resign ri'zain

Back 146

to officially tell sb that you are leaving your job, an organization, etc

) He resigned as manager after eight years

reˈsign yourself to sthto accept sth unpleasant that cannot be changed or avoidedShe resigned herself to her fate

Front 147

Overstep

overstep the ˈmark/ˈline

Back 147

to go beyond what is normal or allowedto

..... your authority

He tends to overstep the boundaries of good taste

to behave in a way that people think is not acceptableShe realized she had overstepped the mark and quickly apologized.

Front 148

Paper

Papers

Back 148

Papers

4 papers [plural] official documents that prove your identity, give you permission to do sth, etcdivorce/identification papers

pieces of paper with writing on them, such as letters, pieces of work or private documents His desk was covered with books and papers

Front 149

Lack verb

Back 149

to have none or not enough of sth

Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms. He lacks confidence

to have everything that you needAs the only child of wealthy parents, he lacked for nothing

Front 150

Resolve n1/v6 noun

Back 150

[uncountable] (formal)strong determination to achieve sth .... The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve

to find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty settleto resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/

Front 151

Sound adj6 sensible

Back 151

sensible; that you can rely on and that will probably give good resultsa person of sound judgement

good and thorougha sound knowledge/understanding of sth

good and thorougha sound knowledge/understanding of sth He has a sound grasp of the issues

Front 152

Continuity kanti'nju:e^ti

Back 152

the fact of not stopping or not changingto ensure/provide/maintain continuity of fuel supplies

a logical connection between the parts of sth, or between two thingsThe novel fails to achieve narrative continuity. There are obvious continuities between diet and health

the organization of a film/movie or television programme, especially making sure that people's clothes, objects, etc. are the same from one scene to the next

Front 153

Constitutional adj/noun

Back 153

connected with the constitution of a country or an organizationconstitutional government/reform a constitutional amendment

related to the body's ability to stay healthy, be strong and fight illnessconstitutional remedies

Front 154

Discharge v6 duty

Back 154

to do or pay what you have a duty to do or paydischarge your duties/responsibilities/obligations etcThe trustees failed to discharge their duties properly

to officially allow someone to leave somewhere, especially the hospital or the army, navy etc, or to tell them that they must leave:Hospitals now tend to discharge patients earlier than in the past

Front 155

Allegiance e^'li:d3e^ns n1

Back 155

a person's continued support for a political party, religion, ruler, etc

People of various party allegiances joined the campaign

swear/pledge allegianceI pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America

Front 156

Renounce ri'nauns v2

Back 156

to state officially that you are no longer going to keep a title, position, etc. give upto renounce a claim/title/privilege/right

Will Charles renounce the throne in favour of his son

to state publicly that you no longer have a particular belief or that you will no longer behave in a particular way

Many were executed for refusing to renounce their religion

to state publicly that you no longer wish to have a connection with sb/sth because you disapprove of them

Front 157

Saddle sardl

Back 157

1 a leather seat that you sit on when you ride a horse

riding a horse:We did six or eight hours in the saddle every day.b)in a position in which you have power or authority

Front 158

Dispatch n3/v noun

Back 158

] a message sent between military or government officials:a dispatch from headquarters

a report sent to a newspaper from one of its writers who is in another town or country

Front 159

Coronation ko:re^'neishn

Back 159

ceremony at which a crown is formally placed on the head of a new king or queen

Front 160

Can't bear sth

Back 160

to be so upset about something that you feel unable to accept it or let it happen SYN can’t stand:Please don’t leave me. I couldn’t bear it

I just can’t bear the thought of having to start all over

to dislike something or someone very much, often so that they make you feel annoyed or impatient SYN can’t stand:Oh, I really can’t bear him

Front 161

Monarch ma:ne^rk

Back 161

a king or queen

the old monarchical system

Front 162

Treat tri:t n/v noun

A treat

Back 162

something very pleasant and enjoyable, especially sth that you give sb or do for themWe took the kids to the zoo as a special treat. You've never been to this area before? Then you're in for a real treat

extremely well or goodHis idea worked a treat (= was successful). I don't know whether she can act but she looks a treat

Front 163

Archbishop a:rtsbishe^p

Back 163

a priest of the highest rank, who is in charge of all the churches in a particular area

Front 164

Pronoumcement pre'naunsme^nt

Back 164

an official public statement

the Pope’s last pronouncement on birth control

Front 165

Pandora's box paendo:rez baks

Back 165

a process that, if started, will cause many problems that cannot be solved

This court case could open a Pandora's boxof similar claims

From the Greek myth in which Pandora was created by the god Zeus and sent to the earth with a box containing many evils. When she opened the box, the evils came out and infected the earth

Front 166

Newsreel nju:zril

Back 166

a short film of news that was shown in the past in cinemas/movie theatersold newsreel footage of the 1936 Olympics

Front 167

Momentary adj

Back 167

continuing for a very short time SYN brief:There was a momentary pause

 example banklasting for a very short time briefa momentary lapse of concentration momentary confusion

Front 168

Premises premisiz

Back 168

the building and land near to it that a business owns or uses

business/commercial/industrial premises The company is looking for larger premises. No alcohol may be consumed on the premises

These premises are regularly checked by security guards.

Front 169

Abbey aebi n1

Back 169

a large church together with a group of buildings in which monks or nuns live or lived in the pastWestminster Abbey a ruined abbey

Front 170

Disposal.

At sb's disposal

Back 170

available for use as you prefer/sb prefers

He will have a car at his disposal for the whole month. Well, I'm at your disposal (= I am ready to help you in any way I can

the act of getting rid of stha bomb disposal squad sewage disposal systems

the sale of part of a business, property, etcThe next step is to think about disposal of your assets

Front 171

Star chamber n1

Back 171

a group of people that meets secretly and makes important decisions

Front 172

Company n9

Friends

Keep company

Back 172

your friends or the group of people you spend time with

People judge you by the company you keep(=the people you spend time with).Things began to go wrong when he got into bad company

Rita’s husband is away for the week, so I thought I’d go over and keep her company (=be with her so that she doesn’t feel lonely

Come over for dinner – I could use the company (=would like to be with other people

a business organization that makes or sells goods or services SYN business, firm:Which company do you work for

Front 173

Scrap n/v skraep

Scrape n/v

Back 173

a small piece of sth, especially paper, cloth, etcShe scribbled his phone number on a scrap of paper

(usually with a negative) a small amount of sth bitIt won't make a scrap of difference

sth to cancel or get rid of sth that is no longer practical or

Front 174

Recite ri'sait v2

Back 174

to say a poem, piece of literature, etc. that you have learned, especially to an audience

to say a list or series of thingsThey recited all their grievances to me. She could recite a list of all the kings and queens

Front 175

Shell shock

Shell-shocked adj

Back 175

a mental illness that can affect soldiers who have been in battle for a long time

suffering from shell shock

1 shocked, confused or anxious because of a difficult situation, and unable to think or act normally

Front 176

Bloke blouk

Back 176

a man

Front 177

Ring a bell

Back 177

if something ...., it reminds you of something, but you cannot remember exactly what it is:Her name rings a bell but I can’t remember her face.

Front 178

Vouch vauts

Vouch for sb/sth

Back 178

ˈ......(formal) to say that you believe that sb will behave well and that you will be responsible for their actions

Are you willing to vouch for him? I can vouch for her ability to work hard.ˈvouch for sth

Front 179

Loom lu:m n2/v2 verb

Back 179

to appear as a large shape that is not clear, especially in a frightening or threatening way

A dark shape loomed up ahead of us

to appear important or threatening and likely to happen soonThere was a crisis looming

Front 180

Ensnare in'sne^ar v2

Back 180

to make sb/sth unable to escape from a difficult situation or from a person who wants to control them

young homeless people who become ensnared in a life of crime She refused to let him ensnare her with his charm

Front 181

Perseverance p3:si'vierence

Back 181

determination to keep trying to achieve something in spite of difficulties – use this to show approval:It took perseverance to overcome his reading problems

Front 182

Impeccable adj1

Back 182

without mistakes or faults perfect

impeccable manners/taste Her written English is impeccable. He was dressed in a suit and an impeccable

Front 183

Hymn him n1

Back 183

a song of praise, especially one praising God and sung by Christians

if a film/movie, book, etc. is a hymn to sth, it praises it very strongly

Front 184

Solemn sa:lem

Solemnly of religous cermony

Back 184

.....

performed in a serious way

She solemnly promised not to say a word to anyone about it.

(of a person) not happy or smiling seriousHer face grew solemn

Front 185

Uphold v2

Back 185

to support sth that you think is right and make sure that it continues to existWe have a duty to uphold the law

to uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint

especially of a court of law) to agree that a previous decision was correct or that a request is reasonableto uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint

Front 186

Stupefying 'stjupifai-in adj

Back 186

making you feel extremely surprised, tired, or bored:a stupefying amount of money

very surprising or shockingHis next action was utterly stupefying

Front 187

Stupefy stju:pifai v1

Back 187

to surprise or shock sb; to make sb unable to think clearly

He was stupefied by the amount they had spent. She was stupefied with cold

Front 188

Spellbound baund adj

Back 188

extremely interested in something you are listening to:‘King Lear’ still holds audiences spellbound

with your attention completely held by what you are listening to or watching

a storyteller who can hold audiences spellbound

The kids watched and listened spellbound to the performance

Front 189

Tender adj/n/v verb

Back 189

) to make a formal offer to supply goods or do work at a stated priceLocal firms were invited to tender for the building contract

competitive tendering

to offer or give sth to sbHe has tendered his resignation to the Prime Minister

Front 190

Resignation n2

Back 190

the act of giving up your job or position; the occasion when you do thisa letter of resignation

a letter, for example to your employers, to say that you are giving up your job or position

Front 191

Principle prinse^pel n3

Matter of principle

Back 191

a moral rule or a strong belief that influences your actions

She refuses to allow her family to help her as a matter of principle

I refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles

a law, a rule or a theory that sth is based on

The principle behind it is very simple

in ˈprinciple1 if something can be done in principle, there is no good reason why it should not be done although it has not yet been done and there may be some difficultiesIn principle there is nothing that a human can do that a machine might not be able to do one day.

Front 192

Hurl v3

Back 192

to throw sth/sb violently in a particular directionHe .... a brick through the window

to shout insults, etc. at sbRival fans hurled abuse at each other

Front 193

Undertaking n3

Back 193

an important job, piece of work, or activity that you are responsible for:Starting a new business can be a risky undertaking

l a promise to do something:Both organizations gave an undertaking to curb violence among their members

Front 194

Outlive autliv

Back 194

to live longer than sbHe outlived his wife by three years

He outlived his wife by three years

to continue to exist after sth else has ended or disappearedThe machine had outlived its usefulness (= was no longer useful

Front 195

Barrage beara:d3

Back 195

] the continuous firing of a large number of guns in a particular direction, especially to protect soldiers while they are attacking or moving towards the enemyan artillery barrage from at least 1 000 guns

a large number of sth, such as questions or comments, that are directed at sb very quickly, one after the other, often in an aggressive way

a wall or barrier built across a river to store water, prevent a flood, etc

Front 196

Expect wait

Back 196

(often used in the progressive tenses) to be waiting for sb/sth to arrive, as this has been arranged

Are you expecting visitors

We were expecting him yesterday

Front 197

Solemnity se^'lemniti

Back 197

2. formal things that people do at a serious event or occasionto observe the solemnities of the occasion

1.the quality of being solemnHe was smiling, but his eyes retained a look of solemnity

Front 198

Levy n/v v

Back 198

to use official authority to demand and collect a payment, tax, etca tax levied by the government on excess company profits

Noun.an extra amount of money that has to be paid, especially as a tax to the governmentto put/impose a levy on oil imports

Front 199

Admiralty

Back 199

(in Britain in the past) the government department controlling the navy

Front 200

Apparatus aepe^reites n2 organization

Back 200

the structure of a system or an organization, particularly that of a political party or a governmentthe power of the state apparatus

Front 201

Dread

Back 201

to be very afraid of sth; to fear that sth bad is going to happen

This was the moment he had been dreading

I dread being sick

a feeling of great fear about sth that might or will happen in the future; a thing that causes this feeling

he prospect of growing old fills me with dread

Front 202

Asset aese^t n2

Back 202

a person or thing that is valuable or useful to sb/sthIn his job, patience is an invaluable asset

Being able to speak a foreign language is a major asset

a thing of value, especially property, that a person or company owns, which can be used or sold to pay debts

Front 203

Tongue-tied adj 1

Back 203

not able to speak because you are shy or nervous

Front 204

Knighthood

Back 204

a British rank and title that are given to a man as an honour for achievement or for doing good things

He received a knighthood in the New Year's Honours list. He was given a knighthood for his services to literature

Front 205

Household haus n1/adj noun

Back 205

all the people living together in a house or flat/apartment Most households now own at least one car

relating to looking after a house and the people in it SYN domestichousehold goods/products/items etcwashing powder and other household products

Front 206

Overseas ouve^rsi:z adj1/adv1

Back 206

Adj.connected with foreign countries, especially those separated from your country by the sea or oceanoverseas development/markets/trade overseas students/visitors

to or in a foreign country, especially those separated from your country by the sea or ocean abroadto live/work/go overseas The product is sold both at home and overseas

Front 207

Threshold threshould n3

On the threshold of sth

Back 207

at the beginning of a new and important event or development SYN brinkbe on the threshold of somethingThe creature is on the threshold of extinction

the entrance to a room or building, or the area of floor or ground at the entrance:She opened the door and stepped across the threshold

the level at which something starts to happen or have an effect:Eighty percent of the vote was the threshold for approval of the plan

Front 208

Way out n3

Back 208

(BrE) a door used for leaving a building

a way of escaping from a difficult situation

Adj.unusual or strange weird

way-out ideas

Front 209

Meet a problem/challenge

Back 209

to deal with a problem or something difficult that you have to do The new building will mean that we can meet the challenge of increasing student numbers

Front 210

Prevail v3 defeat

Back 210

to defeat an opponent, especially after a long struggle

to persuade sb to do sth

(of ideas, opinions, etc.) to be accepted, especially after a struggle or an argument

to exist or be very common at a particular time or in a particular place

Front 211

Got to do sth

Back 211

to have the opportunity to do something:We got to meet all the stars after the show.She gets to travel all over the place with her job

Front 212

Have to do with

Back 212

Be concerned or associated with; deal with. For example, This book has to do with the divisions within the church. [1100s] For the antonym, see

Front 213

Undercover adj1

Back 213

working or done secretly in order to find out information for the police, a government, etcan undercover agent an undercover operation/investigation under•cover adverbThe illegal payments were discovered by a journalist working undercover

Front 214

Onset a^nset n1

The onset of sth

Back 214

the .... of something the beginning of something, especially something bad:the onset of winter

Front 215

Redeemer ri'di:me^r

Redeem v5

Back 215

Jesus Christ

....

3.

b (in Christianity) to save sb from the power of evilJesus Christ came to redeem us from sin

sb/sth to make sb/sth seem less bad compensate for

She seems to have no redeeming qualities (= good aspects of her character) at all

to do sth to improve the opinion that people have of you, especially after you have done sth badHe has a chance to redeem himself after last week's mistakes

Front 216

Clever clogs/dick bre spoken

Back 216

..... British English spoken used to describe someone who is annoying because they are always right or always think they are right

Front 217

Racketeer

Racketeering

Racket

Back 217

......

a person who makes money through dishonest or illegal activities

Racketeering

when someone earns money through crime and illegal activities:people involved in smuggling and racketeeringHe has been arrested on racketeering charges.

Racket

2.a dishonest way of obtaining money, such as by threatening people or selling them illegal goodsdrugs/gambling/smuggling etc racketPolice believe he is involved in an international smuggling racket

Front 218

Commend v4

Sb/sth to sb

Back 218

sb/sth to sb (formal) to give sb/sth to sb in order to be taken care ofWe .... her soul to God

to praise sb/sth, especially publiclyShe was commended on her handling of the situation. His designs were highly commended by the judges (= they did not get a prize but they were especially praised