Intro To Pt Exam 1

Front 1

loss or abnormality of a body function or structure at the tissue, organ, or system level

Back 1

impairment

Front 2

decreased ability of a person to perform a task

Back 2

functional limitation

Front 3

occurs if the functional limitation restricts activity in a particular context or environment

Back 3

disability

Front 4

model that focuses on functional abilities that result from a medical condition.

Back 4

disablement model

Front 5

an interruption of normal processes, usually celluar level, is exhibited as abnormal signs or symptoms, and is generally reflected in the medical diagnosis called ___.

Back 5

pathology/pathophysiology

Front 6

example of ____ is decreased muscle strength or range of motion at a joint.

Back 6

impairment

Front 7

decreased strength in the upper limbs might result in a ____.

Back 7

functional limitation

Front 8

a disability becomes a ____ dependent

Back 8

situation

Front 9

the chinese in 3000bc used _____

Back 9

massage.

Front 10

the greeks and romans practiced ____ through the use of baths and river worship

Back 10

hydrotherapy

Front 11

the development of ____ began in the 1600s.

Back 11

electrotherapy

Front 12

more modern techniques of PT was practed extensively in ____ before being used in the US.

Back 12

Europe

Front 13

the need of physical therapy is the US was with response to the widespread of first ____ and then ____.

Back 13

polio; WWI

Front 14

as a result of the need for PT because of polio and WWI, the _____ was created in 1917.

Back 14

Division of Special Hospitals and Physical Reconstruction

Front 15

The Division of Special Hospitals and Physical Reconstruction was responsible for training and managing _____ who would provide physical reconstruction to those injured in the war.

Back 15

reconstruction aides

Front 16

the ____ was developed to study the cause and effects of polio.

Back 16

vermont plan

Front 17

during the Polio epidemic the teams made for the Vermont Plan consisted of orthopaedic surgeons, public health nurses, brace makers, stenographers and _____ who became involved in making accurate measurments to determine muscle strenght and providing theraphy through exercise and massage.

Back 17

physiotherapists

Front 18

after the WWI, the need for physical theraphy was still needed so the reconstruction aides moved to _____

Back 18

physical theraputics

Front 19

the first creation of a national organization for PT was _____

Back 19

American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association

Front 20

First president for the American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association was who?

Back 20

Mary McMillan

Front 21

created with becoming the first physical therapist

Back 21

Mary McMillan

Front 22

two membership categories were established for the American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association. what were they?

Back 22

charter members and graduates of recognized schools of physiotherapy

Front 23

The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis was created why?

Back 23

because there was still a Polio epidemic going on.

Front 24

determines if PT services are needed

Back 24

screening

Front 25

activities the PT provides to prevent, limit, or reduce pain and dysfunction

Back 25

prevention

Front 26

relationship between worker, tasks, and environment

Back 26

ergonomics

Front 27

the level of health care delivered by a member of the health care system who is responsible for the majority of the health needs of the individual

Back 27

primary care

Front 28

provided by clinicians on a referral basis after the individual has received care at the primary level.

Back 28

secondary care

Front 29

the service is provided by specialist, commonly in facilities that focus on particular health conditions. privided on a referral basis.

Back 29

tertiary care

Front 30

____ is preferred to "practice without referral", which implies no regard or interest in the critical servies provided b practitioners in other disciplines

Back 30

direct access

Front 31

prevention programs generally include several components: (5)

Back 31

history questionaries, medical screening and evaluation, consultation, exercise performance and reassessment.

Front 32

evaluation that involves an examination of the physical abilities of the worker to perform the required tasks.

Back 32

functional capacity evaluation

Front 33

program that focuses on the physical dysfunction

Back 33

work-conditioning program

Front 34

program the includes the physical dysfunction to behavioral and vocational management.

Back 34

work-hardening program

Front 35

failure to act as a reasonably prudent person.

Back 35

negligence

Front 36

doing (or failing to do) something that a reasonably prudent person would have done (or wouldnt have done) under similar circumstances

Back 36

negligence

Front 37

professional negligence

Back 37

malpractice

Front 38

the failure to do ( or failure to aviod doing) something that a member in good standing of a profession would have done (or avoided doing) and that causes subsequent injury to the patient.

Back 38

malpractice

Front 39

the cause and extent of any functional disability

Back 39

dysfunction

Front 40

____ may be caused by structural imbalance of muscle or bone, birth defects, surgery, or degenerative changes in the body.

Back 40

dysfunction

Front 41

Symptoms of dysfuction of the musculoskeletal system are what? (5)

Back 41

pain
stiffness
edema
muscle weakness or fatigue
loss of ROM

Front 42

ROM : normal movement at a joint

Back 42

range of motion

Front 43

repeated stress to the musculoskeletal system can cause ____ that may result in pain, inflamation, and dysfunction

Back 43

overuse injuries

Front 44

examples of overuse injuries

Back 44

bursitis, tendinitis, carpal tunnel

Front 45

examples of traumatic injuries

Back 45

sprain, fracture, muscle strain

Front 46

examples of surgical conditions

Back 46

total joint arthroplasty, amputation

Front 47

ability of the joint surfaces to glide, roll and spin on each other

Back 47

accessory motion

Front 48

joint movement in which the patient may be assisted either manually or mechanically through an arc of movement

Back 48

active assisted range of motion

Front 49

joint movement in which the patient does not reveice any support or resistance through an arc of movement

Back 49

active free range of motion

Front 50

ability of the patient to voluntarily move a limb through an arc of movement

Back 50

active range of motion (AROM)

Front 51

exercise where there's a joint movement in which an external force resists the movement

Back 51

active resisted exercise

Front 52

exercise program that uses oxygen as the major energy source

Back 52

aerobics training

Front 53

therapeutic use of water for rehailitation or prevention of injury

Back 53

aquatic physical therapy

Front 54

aquatic therapy technique using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques while the patient is suspended by rings in the water

Back 54

Bad Ragaz method

Front 55

inflammation of bursae, fluid-filled sacs located throughout the body that decrease the friction between two structures

Back 55

bursitis

Front 56

exercise incorporating several muscle groups through the use of several joints with the end segment fixed

Back 56

closed kinetic chain exercise

Front 57

application of cold agents to cause decreases in blood flow and metabolism, which result in a decrease in sweeling and pain

Back 57

cryotherapy

Front 58

application of electrictiy at specified location to stimulate nerves, muscles, and other soft tissues to reduce pain and swelling, to increase strength and range of motion, and to facilitate wound healing.

Back 58

electrical stimulation

Front 59

ability to move a limb segment through a range of motion

Back 59

flexibility

Front 60

exercise performed over time, using stress, to change the length and elasticity of soft tissue such as muscle; usually performed fro postural or ROM enhancement.

Back 60

flexibility exercise

Front 61

use of a self-contained unit filled with sawdust-type particles heared to the desired temperature and circulated by air pressure around the involved body part

Back 61

fluidotherapy

Front 62

break in the bone

Back 62

fracture

Front 63

exercise that mimics functional movements and activites. functional movements incorporate strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination

Back 63

functional exercise

Front 64

instrument used to measure and document ROM

Back 64

goniometer

Front 65

methods to measure and document ROM

Back 65

geionmety

Front 66

aquatic therapy technique using a preswim stroke instruction and musculoskeletal rehabilitaion.

Back 66

Halliwick method

Front 67

description of the past and current health status of the patient/client.

Back 67

history

Front 68

pouch filled with silica gel and soaked in thermostatically controlled water

Back 68

hot pack

Front 69

use of the therapeutic effects of water by immersing the body part or entire body into a tank of water

Back 69

hydrotherapy

Front 70

joint with excessive motion

Back 70

hypermobile joint

Front 71

joint with less motion than is considered functional

Back 71

hypomobile joint

Front 72

technique used when a patient's dysfunction is the result of joint stiffness or hypomobility; applies to a joint specific passive movements, either oscillatory (rapid repeated movements) or sustained.

Back 72

joint mobilization and manipulation

Front 73

test allowing the therapist to assign a specific grade to a muscle, based on whether the patient can hold the limb agains gravity, how much manual resistance can be tolerated, and whether there is full range of motion at a joint

Back 73

manual muscle testing (MMT)

Front 74

systematic use of various manual strokes designed to produce certain physiologial, mechanical, and psychological effects

Back 74

massage

Front 75

ability to produce and sustain tension over a prolonged period of time.

Back 75

muscle endurance

Front 76

maximal amount of tension an indivisual can produce in one repetition

Back 76

muscular strength

Front 77

manual stretching of the layers of the body's fascia (connective tissue that surrounds muscle and other soft tissues in the body)

Back 77

myofascial release

Front 78

pressure on a nerve

Back 78

nerve entrapment

Front 79

exercise in which the end limb segment is free

Back 79

open kinetic chain exercise

Front 80

use of a mixture of melted paraffin wax and mineral oil maintained at a specific temperature to promote relaxation and pain relief and allow greater comfort during ROM exercises

Back 80

paraffin treatment

Front 81

amount of movement at a joint that is obtained by the therapist's moving the segment without assistance from the patient

Back 81

Passive range of motion (PROM)

Front 82

one's awareness of position and movement

Back 82

proprioception

Front 83

receptors found in the skin and joints that respond to such stimuli and pressure, stretch, and position

Back 83

proprioceptors

Front 84

movement at a joint

Back 84

ROM

Front 85

exercise for mobility of a joint.

Back 85

ROM exercise

Front 86

exercise that is a form of active movement in which some form of resistance is provided to increase muscular strength and endurance.

Back 86

resisted exercise

Front 87

test that allows the therapist to detemine the general strength of a muscle group and assess whether any pain is produced with the muscle contraction

Back 87

resisted test

Front 88

use of electromagnetic energy to produce deep theapeutic heating effects

Back 88

short-wave diathermy

Front 89

one of a varity of "hands-on" techniqes designed to improve movement and decrease pain

Back 89

soft tissue mobilization

Front 90

tests designed for examination of specific joints to indicated the presence or absence of a particular problem

Back 90

special tests

Front 91

overstretching of a joint ligament accompanied by a tearing of the fibers, causing pain and instaility of the joint

Back 91

sprain

Front 92

tearing of muscle fibers, caused by a sudden contraction of a muscle of excessive stretch to the muscle

Back 92

strain

Front 93

amount of force produced during a voluntary muscular contraction

Back 93

strength

Front 94

interview of the patient about the extent and nature of an injury; a qualitative measurement based on the patient's perception of the problem

Back 94

subjective examination

Front 95

examination using test or measurements that the therapist performs on patient

Back 95

objective examination

Front 96

inflammation of a tendon, a structure that is located at the ends of muscled and attaches muscle to one.

Back 96

tendinitis

Front 97

disorder of a tendon

Back 97

tendinopathy

Front 98

degeneration of a tendon from overuse

Back 98

tendinosis

Front 99

agent used to modify the temperature of surrounding tissue, resulting in a change on the amount of blood flow to the injured area

Back 99

thermal agent

Front 100

therapeutic application of high-frequency sound waves that penetrate through tissue and cause an increase in the tissue temperature to promote healing and reduce pain

Back 100

ultrasound

Front 101

tank of water used in hydrotherapy for immersing a body part or the entire body

Back 101

whirlpool

Front 102

examples of superficial heat: (5)

Back 102

thermal agents,
hot packs,
parraffin,
fluidotherapy,
whirlpool

Front 103

examples of deep heat: (2)

Back 103

ultrasound and
short-wave diathermy

Front 104

examples of cold: (4)

Back 104

ice packs,
ice massage,
cold whirlpool,
cold compression

Front 105

examples of electrical stimulation: (4)

Back 105

transcutaneous electrical nerve stumulation (TENS),
iontiphoresis,
electrical stimulation for tissue repair (ESTR), and
neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

Front 106

what are the physiological effects of superficial heat: (6)

Back 106

increases blood flow,
increases metabolism which
promotes healing and
removal of waste products,
decreases pain and
decreases stiffness

Front 107

what are the physiological effects of deep heat: (6)

Back 107

increases blood flow,
increases metabolism which
promotes healing and
removal of waste products,
decreases pain and
decreases stiffness

Front 108

what are the physiological effects of cold: (4)

Back 108

decreases blood flow,
decreases metabolim,
decreases edema (swelling),
decreases pain

Front 109

what are the physiological effects of electrical stimulation: (5)

Back 109

decreases pain,
decreases edema (sweeling),
promotes wound healing,
reeducateds muscles,
and decreases spasticity

Front 110

what are some clinical indications of superficial heat: (3)

Back 110

pain
joint stiffness
wound care

Front 111

what are some clinical indications of deep heat: (3)

Back 111

muscle spasm,
pain,
joint stuffness

Front 112

what are some clinical indications of cold: (5)

Back 112

acute injury
swelling
pain
muscle spasm
after exercise

Front 113

what are some clinical indications of electrical stimulation: (5)

Back 113

pain
edema
wounds
nerve regeneration
muscle weakness and imbalance

Front 114

injuries that can result from a direct blow or when they are placed under excessive stretch

Back 114

traumatic injuries

Front 115

injuries that are cause from repeated stress to the musculoskeletal system

Back 115

overuse injuries

Front 116

injuries resulting from repeated stress, acute trauma, or disease processed may require sugrical intervention for appropriat healing.

Back 116

surgical conditions

Front 117

in the clinical situation the therapist uses the sense of touch to assess what is occurring below the skin and what musculoskeletal structures are involved in an injury

Back 117

palpation

Front 118

traits of generations:
patiotic, loyal, fiscally conservative, faith in institutions

Back 118

traditionalists

Front 119

traits of generations:
competitive, question authority, desire to put their own stamp on theings, "sandwiched"

Back 119

baby boomers

Front 120

traits of generations:
eclectic, resourceful, self-reliant, distrustful of institions, highly adaptive, skeptical

Back 120

generation Xers

Front 121

traits of generations:
globablly concerned, integrated, cyber literate, media savvy, realistic, environmentally conscious

Back 121

millennials

Front 122

rewards of generations:
satifcation of a job well done

Back 122

traditionalists

Front 123

rewards of generations:
money, title, recognition

Back 123

baby boomers

Front 124

rewards of generations:
freedom is the ultimate reward

Back 124

generation Xers

Front 125

rewards of generations:
work that has meaning for me

Back 125

Millennials

Front 126

Birth years of traditionalists

Back 126

before 1946

Front 127

Birth years of baby boomers

Back 127

1946-1964

Front 128

Birth years of generation Xers

Back 128

1965-1981

Front 129

Birth years of millennials

Back 129

1982-2000

Front 130

size of generation: traditionalists

Back 130

75 million

Front 131

size of generation: baby boomers

Back 131

80 million

Front 132

size of generation: generation Xers

Back 132

46 million

Front 133

size of generation: millennials

Back 133

76 million

Front 134

Preferred feedback of traditionalists

Back 134

no news is good news

Front 135

Preferred feedback of baby boomers

Back 135

once a year whether you need it or not

Front 136

Preferred feedback of generation Xers

Back 136

"so, how am i doing?"

Front 137

Preferred feedback of millennials

Back 137

from a virtual coach with the push of a button

Front 138

poverty of movements

Back 138

akinesia

Front 139

also known and Lou Gehrig disease; rapidly progressive neurological disorder associated with a degeneration of the motor nerve cells

Back 139

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Front 140

technique in which radiopaque material is injected into the blood vessels to better visualize and idetify problems such as occlusion (blockage) of blood vessels, aneurysms, and vascular malformations.

Back 140

angiography

Front 141

slowness of movements

Back 141

bradykinesia

Front 142

neurological technique based on the natural sequence of recovery following stroke

Back 142

brunnstroms approach

Front 143

computer synthesis of x-rays transmitted through a specific plane of the body.

Back 143

computed (axial) tomography (CAT or CT)

Front 144

technique for recording the electrical potential activity in the brain by placing electroded in the scalp

Back 144

electroencephalography (EEG)

Front 145

technique for recording the electrical activity in the muscle during a state of rest and during voluntary contraction

Back 145

electromyography (EMG)

Front 146

impaired ability to express oneself

Back 146

expressive aphasia

Front 147

high tone

Back 147

hypertonia

Front 148

low tone

Back 148

hypotonia

Front 149

injection of a hypodermic needle into the lumbar subarachnoid space

Back 149

lumbar puncture (LP)

Front 150

creation of a computer image by placing the body part in a magnetic field.

Back 150

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Front 151

ability to manipulate movement and non-movement of the body's musculoskeletal components

Back 151

motor control

Front 152

age-related processes of change in motor behavior

Back 152

motor development

Front 153

body's mechanism for aquiring or learing voluntary motor control

Back 153

motor learning

Front 154

disease in which patched of demyelination occur in the nervous system, leading to distrubances in conduction of messages along the nerves

Back 154

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Front 155

study that records the rate at which electrical signals are transmitted along peripheral nerves

Back 155

nerve conducion velocity (NCV) study

Front 156

approach to both analyzed and treated neurological disorders of posture and movement. through the use of a motivating environment and a patient's active participation, manual facilitation and inhibition techniques are employed by the therapist to present the patient with a "normal" sensory experience. thereby encouraging facilitaion of a more functional motor response

Back 156

neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)

Front 157

spinal cord damage and resultant loss of sensory or motor function affecting the lower trunk and legs.

Back 157

paraplegia

Front 158

progressive condition, also referred to a paralysis agitans and idiopathic parkinsonism, characterized by a classic traid of sympotms: tremor, reigidity, and bradykinesia/akinesia

Back 158

parkinson's disease

Front 159

ability to integrate various simultaneous sensory inputs and to respond appropriately

Back 159

perception

Front 160

technique used to enhance movement and motor control, emphasizing proprioceptive stimuli but also using tactile, visual, and auditory stimuli

Back 160

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)

Front 161

spinal cord damage resulting in loss of sensory or motor function affection all limbs

Back 161

quadriplegia

Front 162

diminished ability to receive and interpret verbal or written communications

Back 162

receptive aphasia

Front 163

disurbance of muscle tone; manifests as a resistance when the limbs are passively moved

Back 163

rigidity

Front 164

neurological treatment using a varity of sensory stimuli to infuence motor behavior.

Back 164

rood's approach

Front 165

abilty to receive sensory input from within and outside the body and transmit it through the peripheral nerves and tracts in the spinal cord to the brain, where it is receiced and interpreted.

Back 165

sensation

Front 166

damage to the spinal cord that results in neurological dysfunctions

Back 166

spinal cord injury (CCI)

Front 167

neurological problem arising from disruption of blood flow in the brain

Back 167

stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Front 168

alternation contractions of oppoing muscle groups

Back 168

tremor

Front 169

tension ederted and/or maintained by muscled at reast and during movement

Back 169

tone

Front 170

damage to the brain caused by physical means and resulting in neurological dysfunction

Back 170

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Front 171

sensation of spinning or whirling that ocurs as a result of a disturbance in balance

Back 171

vertigo

Front 172

what causes a stroke?

Back 172

blockage and bleed that causes sweeling

Front 173

what are the top causes of stroke?

Back 173

diabeties, smoking and high cholesteral

Front 174

what is traumatic brain injuries most often caused by?

Back 174

car acidents, violence, motorcycle acidents

Front 175

what groups are most commonly affected by traumatic brain injuries?

Back 175

young males

Front 176

what are some symptoms of stroke?

Back 176

numbness or weakness on one side

Front 177

what is the median age onset of ALS?

Back 177

50ish

Front 178

what is the average suvival time for diagnosis to death because of ALS?

Back 178

4 years

Front 179

what does hypotonia look like?

Back 179

looking tired, laxy. "rag doll appearance"

Front 180

what does hypertonia look like?

Back 180

scrunched up, cant relax

Front 181

memory and learning abilites

Back 181

cognition