Intro To Comm Ch 1-3, 6-7

Front 1

Why study communication?

Back 1

communicate to satisfy needs, provide a meaning that others will understand

Front 2

What is culture?

Back 2

beliefs, values, artifacts, ways of communicating, ways of acting

Front 3

What are some examples of culture?

Back 3

language, laws, religion, ways of acting/thinking

Front 4

which view states that some cultures are higher than others and relates to Darwinism view of humainty?

Back 4

Cultural evolution

Front 5

which term describes the difference of culture but that not any one is better or worse than the others?

Back 5

cultural relativism

Front 6

what is enculturation?

Back 6

The process of learning your culture that you are born into

Front 7

Describe acculturation.

Back 7

learning the rules and norms of a culture other than your native culture

Front 8

What is an assimilationist perspective?

Back 8

people should leave their native culture and go to a new one.

Front 9

How does culture affect communication?

Back 9

talking with friends, lovers, family; interacting in group; topics you talk about and strategies used to inform and persuade; how you use the media and the credibility you give it

Front 10

Describe an individualist culture.

Back 10

individual values such as power, achievement, hedonism, and stimulation (Americans fall under this category) success is measured by how well you outshine others, and you are responsible for you and you alone.

Front 11

What is a collectivist culture?

Back 11

benevolence, tradition and conformity (group values) your responsible for contributing to the success of the group

Front 12

What is high-context culture?

Back 12

information shared through assumptions, information is communicated but not stated explicitly.

Front 13

In which culture are messages clearly verbalized?

Back 13

low-context culture.

Front 14

define high-power-distance-cultures.

Back 14

Power is held by the few and there is a big gap between the ones that have power and those who don't

Front 15

What is low-power-distance culture?

Back 15

power is evenly distributed between citizenry

Front 16

What is studying communication going to do for you?

Back 16

1. help you make connections
2. provide you with skills to make a difference when confronted with new ideas and challenges
3. truly effective communicators have information worth communicating, and have the desire to connect with their listener.

Front 17

Why is ethics important?

Back 17

It's going to increase your awareness of communicating in a global village.

Front 18

How many Americans define themselves a non-white?

Back 18

1 in 4

Front 19

What are some cultural differences in general talk?

Back 19

opening and closing conversations, interrupting, knowing when to use humor, using nonverbal behavior, knowing proper balance of speech and listening

Front 20

How is culture primarily passed on?

Back 20

through culture

Front 21

Why is communication dynamic?

Back 21

It is constantly moving

Front 22

What part of communication is the way you sit/look?

Back 22

Interactional/transactional

Front 23

What are complementary transactions?

Back 23

bringing your own ideas to the conversation and how you build on others ideas/sayings

Front 24

Define communication.

Back 24

the act by one or more persons, of sending and receiving messages distorted by noise, occur within a context and provide feedback

Front 25

What are the transactional modes of communication?

Back 25

simultaneous sending and receiving, all elements are constantly in motion and you cannot not communicate

Front 26

What is the commitment to the beliefs and philosophy of your culture?

Back 26

ethnic identity

Front 27

What is a stereotype?

Back 27

fixed impression of a group of people

Front 28

What are messages that contradict themselves?

Back 28

mixed messages

Front 29

Define the communication accomodation theory.

Back 29

speakers change their speaking style based on who their audience is

Front 30

what is an ambiguous message?

Back 30

messages with more than one potential meaning

Front 31

what does the punctuation of communication consist of?

Back 31

dividing parts of communication into stimuli and responses

Front 32

What is interpersonal communication?

Back 32

occurs face-to-face or on the phone or through email (between two ppl)

Front 33

what is the tangible or concrete environment in which communication takes place?

Back 33

the physical context

Front 34

What is the social-psychological context?

Back 34

the status relationship among the participants

Front 35

What is the temporal (time) context?

Back 35

the time of day or time in history in which the communication is taking place

Front 36

What is the cultural context?

Back 36

the beliefs, values and ways of behaving that are shared by a group of people and passed down from one generation to the next

Front 37

what is the act of producing a message?

Back 37

encoding

Front 38

What is the act of receiving messages and translating the sound waves?

Back 38

decoding

Front 39

Who are the encoders?

Back 39

speakers or writers

Front 40

Who are the listeners and readers?

Back 40

decoders

Front 41

define messages.

Back 41

any signal or combination of signals transmitted to the receiver

Front 42

What is metacommunication?

Back 42

communication about communication

Front 43

what are the messages sent back to the speaker reacting to what was said?

Back 43

feedback

Front 44

what are the 5 dimensions of feedback?

Back 44

positive-negative, person-focused message, immediate-delayed, low-monitored-high-monitored and supportive-critical

Front 45

which dimension of feedback centers on the person or on the message?

Back 45

person-focused message

Front 46

Which feedback may take awhile to get to a person?

Back 46

immediate-delayed

Front 47

what is the low-monitored-high-monitored dimension of feedback?

Back 47

feedback varies from spontaneous and totally honest to carefully constructed responses

Front 48

which dimension confirms the worth of the person and what the person says?

Back 48

supportive-critical

Front 49

What is feedforward?

Back 49

information you provide before sending your primary message

Front 50

What are the 4 major functions of feedforward?

Back 50

open the channels of communication, preview the message, altercast and disdain

Front 51

which term applies to asking the receiver to approach your message in a particular role or as someone else?

Back 51

altercast

Front 52

describe the masculine culture.

Back 52

people value male aggressivenes, material success and strength; women are valued for modesty

Front 53

which type of culture values modesty, concerns for relationships and the quality of life?

Back 53

feminine culture

Front 54

What does transactional communication mean?

Back 54

each person in the communication act is both speaker and listener; each person is simultaneously sending and receiving messages

Front 55

Why is communication a process?

Back 55

because it is ever changing, ongoing activity

Front 56

Which type of communication deals with talking to yourself?

Back 56

intrapersonal

Front 57

in which communication type do you interact with others, normally two people?

Back 57

interpersonal

Front 58

What is small group communication?

Back 58

when you interact with others, solving problems, sharing knowledge and experiences

Front 59

Which type of communication has others informing and persuading you?

Back 59

public communication

Front 60

In which type of communication are you entertained, informed, and persuaded by the media?

Back 60

mass communication

Front 61

What is intercultural communication?

Back 61

where you communicate with members of other cultures

Front 62

which communication deals with input, throughput, and output?

Back 62

organizational communication

Front 63

How can communication be a nonverbal behavior?

Back 63

the clothes you wear, the way you walk, shake hands, cock you head, comb your hair, sit and smile

Front 64

describe the linear view of communication.

Back 64

the speaker speaks and the listener listens

Front 65

what is the interactional view of communication?

Back 65

the speaker and listener take turns speaking and listening.

Front 66

what are the 4 types of noise?

Back 66

physical, physiological, psychological, semantic

Front 67

what is physical noise?

Back 67

interference that is external to both speaker and listener

Front 68

which type of noise is a physical barrier within the speaker or listener?

Back 68

physiological noise

Front 69

what are psychological noises"?

Back 69

cognitive or mental interference

Front 70

Describe semantic noise.

Back 70

different meanings are used by speaker and listener (such as people speaking a different language or speaking more complexly than the listener comprehends)

Front 71

how is effect implemented in communication?

Back 71

There is always an outcome or consequence from an action or behavior, communication always has an effect

Front 72

what is the term for the medium through which a message passes?

Back 72

channel

Front 73

what is the nature of communication?

Back 73

to discover, to relate, to help, to persuade and to play

Front 74

why are speaking and listening skills important?

Back 74

they hold societies together

Front 75

what is the ideal model of communication?

Back 75

transactional communication

Front 76

why study self-concept?

Back 76

it's the frame through which we communicate, it influences the roles we play and how we behave, and it affects the way we view others

Front 77

What is self-concept?

Back 77

the internal picture we have of ourselves and the role we play

Front 78

who you are is reflected how?

Back 78

physically, socially, psychologically, and holistically

Front 79

What do self concepts describe?

Back 79

what you could or want to be

Front 80

What do self concepts emphasize?

Back 80

uniqueness

Front 81

what does self concept stress?

Back 81

connectedness to a group and to fitting in with one's group

Front 82

How you look at yourself, the mental picture of how you believe you appear to others, and how you picture yourself physically to others are characteristics of what?

Back 82

Self-image or self-awareness

Front 83

what are some of the things self-image is composed of?

Back 83

physical appearance, body shape, academic accomplishments, social skills, value system, relationships, behavior, goals, ambitions, aspirations

Front 84

what are self-schemas?

Back 84

scripts as to how you believe you should act to fit the image

Front 85

What are the four parts to self-image?

Back 85

Phsychological(introspection), physical self-image, emotional self-image, intellectual self-image

Front 86

What are the two main points of self concept?

Back 86

self image and self esteem

Front 87

What is self-efficacy?

Back 87

the belief in your ability to effectively control specific events in your life

Front 88

What are the four concepts of self-efficacy?

Back 88

predicting our performance, relationally-based self-efficacy judgments, gut-feeling based, and consequences expected from your performance

Front 89

What is self-esteem?

Back 89

our personal belief system; your self-appraisal assessment, evaluation; sense of self-worth

Front 90

How are people with low self-esteem counterintuitive?

Back 90

they pay more attention to negative evaluations; are more likely to have partners with similar self views; experience worse health after experiencing positive events

Front 91

What are the negative core beliefs?

Back 91

not good enough, powerless, don't know, in danger, defective/imperfect

Front 92

How does self-concept develop?

Back 92

others tell us who we are; social comparisons; culture; and gender

Front 93

what is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Back 93

occurs when a person's expectations of an event make the outcome more likely to occur

Front 94

what are the two types of self-fulfilling prophecies?

Back 94

self-imposed prophecies and imposed prophecies by others

Front 95

what are 4 steps to maintaining a healthy and self-empowering self-concept?

Back 95

1. identify yourself with a strong opinion of self 2. find positive role models to guide you 3. take time to reflect and become aware of your personal needs and motivations 4. try different experiences

Front 96

Which term describes when the sender and receiver miss each other with their meanings?

Back 96

bypassing

Front 97

what is denotation?

Back 97

the meaning that memebers of a culture assign to a word

Front 98

which word refers to the emotional meaning that specific speakers-listeners give to a word?

Back 98

connotation

Front 99

What are snarl words?

Back 99

very negative

Front 100

what are purr words?

Back 100

positive meanings

Front 101

Which part of language communicates your meaning explicitly and leaves little doubt for the thoughts you are trying to convey?

Back 101

direct speech

Front 102

What is the term for communicating in a roundabout way?

Back 102

indirect speech

Front 103

define disconfirmation.

Back 103

a communication pattern in which we ignore someone's presence as well as what they are communicating

Front 104

what is rejection?

Back 104

you disagree with the person, you are unwilling to accept somethin the other person says or does

Front 105

what is it called when you acknowledge the presence of the other person but also accept the person?

Back 105

confirmation

Front 106

What is intensional orientation?

Back 106

the tendency to view people, objects, and events according to the way they are talked about

Front 107

what is extensional orientation?

Back 107

tendency to look first at the actual people, objects, and events and then look at their labels

Front 108

What is a language distortion where one assumes that all can be known or is known about a given person?

Back 108

allness

Front 109

What is fact-interference confusion?

Back 109

when someone makes an inference and thinks its a fact and acts upon it as a fact but really isn't

Front 110

What is static evaluation?

Back 110

making evaluations without change while the thing/person being discussed is changing

Front 111

What is indiscrimination?

Back 111

not evaluating an individual as unique, categorizing them in a group

Front 112

What is polarization?

Back 112

the tendency to look at the world in terms of opposites and to describe it in extremes