Inorg Lec (7)

Front 1

consist of weak acid and its conjugate base supplied as salt

Back 1

acid buffer

Front 2

it buffers only solutions on the acid side of neutrality

Back 2

acid buffer

Front 3

acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of

Back 3

acid buffer

Front 4

ammonia and ammonium chloride is an example of

Back 4

base buffer

Front 5

a glass of inexpensive quality

Back 5

alkali

Front 6

atmospheric gases

Back 6

presence of gases

Front 7

2 components of the system will complement each other

Back 7

theory of mechanism

Front 8

**When small amounts of ____ are introduced into the medium, they will react with the conjugate ____ of the buffer pair to form the ____

Back 8

hydrogen

base

weak acid

Front 9

most important characteristic of a buffer

Back 9

pH

Front 10

the amount of acid or base that can be added without significant pH changes

Back 10

buffer capacity

Front 11

*Buffers functions best when the pKa conjugate weak acid is ____ to the desired working range of the ____

Back 11

close

buffer

Front 12

it decrease chances of adverse effects in the body

Back 12

buffer

Front 13

designed to provide solution having a specific pH for analytical purposes

Back 13

standard buffer

Front 14

designed to maintain pH limits in drug preparations

Back 14

pharmaceutical buffers

Front 15

Pharmaceutical buffers is to avoid large changes in the ____ across a cellular membrane

Back 15

osmotic pressure

Front 16

it containd H2PO4 and HPO4 which is found in the body

Back 16

phosphate buffer system

Front 17

it is for pharmaceutical preparations containing metals precipitated by phosphates

Back 17

borate buffer system

Front 18

modified Feldman's used for ophthalmic solutions, contact lens, solver for fluoroscent dye

Back 18

Atkins and Pantin

Front 19

*Borates are best to operate at pH ____, most efficient at pH ____, intended for ophthalmic solutions at pH ____

Back 19

7-11

9

6

Front 20

weak organic acid and a salt containing its conjugate base, the acetate anion, such as sodium acetate

Back 20

acetic acid

Front 21

weak base and a salt containing its conjugate acid, the pyridinium cation, such as pyridinium chloride

Back 21

pyridine

Front 22

pH in blood is

Back 22

7.35 to 7.45

Front 23

a pH value higher than ____ or lower than ____ in the blood can lead to death

Back 23

7.8

6.8

Front 24

it is used in pharmaceutical preparations containing easily oxidized substances in their reduced form

Back 24

antioxidants

Front 25

*MOA: Antioxidant is ____ in place of active constituent. If the active component is ____, the antioxidant ____ it back to its normal oxidation state

Back 25

oxidized

oxidized

reduces

Front 26

HPH2O2

Back 26

hypophosphrous acid

Front 27

it is colorless, slightly yellow liquid containing 30-32%

Back 27

hypophosphrous acid

Front 28

The pure acid of ____ is syrupy colorless liquid which becomes a solid at ____

Back 28

hypophosphrous acid

17.4°C

Front 29

it produces incompatibility with any oxidizing agent either in the dry or liquid form

Back 29

hypophosphrous acid

Front 30

it is used as antioxidant, and its salts are used as preservatives

Back 30

hypophosphrous acid