Important Concepts From Reading In The Content Area

Front 1

PAR is an example of ...

Back 1

content-area reading framework

Front 2

The goal of content instruction that integrates reading strategies is ...

Back 2

to make students autonomous learners

Front 3

A major belief of reading to learn is that students ...

Back 3

assume responsibilty for reading efficiently and effectively as soon as possible

Front 4

When teachers motivate students by using a strategy or strategies prior to reading they are demonstrating the ___ stage of lesson framework

Back 4

preparation

Front 5

Effective teachers never rely on ___, do not ____ , and inspire the students ____.

Back 5

telling students what they need to know to be successful / assign chapters for homework and discuss them the next day in class / to think for themselves

Front 6

Assumptive teaching ____ necessary in most cases

Back 6

is not

Front 7

The assistance step of the PAR framework mainly ____.

Back 7

improves comprehension.

Front 8

The reflection step of PAR includes: ___, ___, and ___.

Back 8

expansion of the reading experience / enrichment / and critical thinking

Front 9

A framework is most like a ___.

Back 9

program for learning

Front 10

It (is / is not) important to teach reading after elementary grades

Back 10

is

Front 11

At-risk students tend to have an ___ of control

Back 11

external locus

Front 12

The authors presented all of the following as important for teaching ESL students: learn as much as possible about ___, teach primarily in the ___, and use ___.

Back 12

the students' language and culture / English language / materials which reflect the background and culture of the student

Front 13

Many of the strategies described in the text will (not be / be) effective, with modifications, for at-risk learners.

Back 13

be

Front 14

A student who, despite hardships and at-risk factors, bounces back and succeeds in school, might be described as ___.

Back 14

resilient

Front 15

The student says, "I don't need this stuff!" when asked to read a chapter in social studies. He is displaying ___.

Back 15

being fearful and negative about learning

Front 16

At-risk students often come from ___, have ___ self-esteem, and believe that teachers are ___.

Back 16

different economic or cultural backgrounds than other students / low / uncaring, unfair, and ineffective

Front 17

The authors say that at-risk learners' lives are governed by ___, ___, and ___.

Back 17

fear / threat / negative thinking

Front 18

The conscious control of one's own reading comprehension is called ___.

Back 18

comprehension monitoring

Front 19

Students question a teacher over a short paragraph and then the teacher questions the students about the next paragraph. Most probably they are demonstrating the ___.

Back 19

ReQuest procedure

Front 20

Research shows positive changes in achievement of at-risk students can be ___.

Back 20

made fairly quickly

Front 21

Research about classroom tests indicates that ___.

Back 21

almost 80% of the items test literal comprehension

Front 22

High stakes tests (have / have not) benefits for teachers and students

Back 22

have

Front 23

All of the following are examples of authentic assessment: ___, a ___, and a ___.

Back 23

observation notes / portfolio / writing sample

Front 24

Evaluation is ...

Back 24

making judgements based on data collected

Front 25

Portfolios of students (are / are not) mainly to collect students' standardized test results.

Back 25

are not

Front 26

Validity is ...

Back 26

whether the test measures what it purports to measure

Front 27

The main purpose of a "pop quiz" should be to ___.

Back 27

promote student independence and responsibility

Front 28

Assessment is the ...

Back 28

gathering of information from many resources

Front 29

A student pauses from reading and retells what he has learned to a classmate who listens intently and helps analyze the passage. These students are taking part in ___.

Back 29

comprehension monitoring

Front 30

Many of the strategies described in this text (can / can not) be effective, with modifications, for evaluation of student knowledge.

Back 30

can

Front 31

TV, video, and movies are popular with students because ___.

Back 31

they use visual and auditory stimulations to provide entertainment

Front 32

One major caution about electronic literacy is that ___.

Back 32

plagiarism has become a problem

Front 33

Effective WebQuests require ___.

Back 33

careful planning by the teacher

Front 34

BLOG stands for ___.

Back 34

Web Log

Front 35

Technology (is / is not) the most effective tool for learning that has ever been developed.

Back 35

is not

Front 36

Software is most effective when it is ___.

Back 36

instructionally relevant

Front 37

The Internet is an ____.

Back 37

electronic library of information

Front 38

Hypertext (is / is not) a linear presentation in a computer environment.

Back 38

is not

Front 39

When evaluating software, one should consider ___, ___, and ___.

Back 39

interactive capabilities / adaptability / attention to subject matter

Front 40

The field of electronic literacy (is / is not) far outpacing paper literacy.

Back 40

is

Front 41

The most effective way to determine the match between the reader and the text is to consider ___, ___, and ___.

Back 41

text structure / prior knowledge / reading skills

Front 42

Readability formalae are measures of ___ and ___.

Back 42

vocabulary difficulty / sentence length

Front 43

Elements of effective literature-based classrooms include ___.

Back 43

numerous ways to respond to literature

Front 44

Literature should be used at ___ of the PAR framework.

Back 44

all phases

Front 45

Textbooks in which both sides of an argument are presented are called ___.

Back 45

refutational texts

Front 46

Read-alouds are most suitable for ___.

Back 46

any age group

Front 47

One way to determine if students have the appropriate background is to use ___.

Back 47

a PreP

Front 48

"Rule of thumb" places the responsibility for matching reader to text on the ___.

Back 48

reader

Front 49

When students score between 40-60% on the cloze test, it is an indication that they are operating with the text at their ___ level.

Back 49

instructional

Front 50

(True/False) No one textbook can deliver all the concepts and do justice to the different viewpoints involved in any unit of study.

Back 50

True

Front 51

It (is / is not) preferable to adapt text material rather than to avoid it.

Back 51

is

Front 52

Graphic organizers, analogies, and anticipation guides are designed to ___.

Back 52

activate schema

Front 53

When one cites the differences in reading skills of learning, often the term used is ___.

Back 53

heterogeneity of background knowledge

Front 54

A teacher puts a word on the board and calls on every student in the class to think of a word that is associated with the term. This teacher is probably in the first stages of conducting the ___.

Back 54

PreP activity

Front 55

One way to prepare students to read difficult, but important text is to ___.

Back 55

provide a written preview

Front 56

The term schema is a way of explaining ___, the term to explain ___, and likened to ___.

Back 56

how prior knowledge is stored in memory / how information becomes part of system of integrated knowledge / diagrams or drawings stored in the brain

Front 57

Students who both can read and choose to do so (are / are not) experiencing cognitive dissonance.

Back 57

are not

Front 58

Analogies help readers ___.

Back 58

make connections between the new and the known

Front 59

When a teacher constructs a multi-text activity, he or she must first ___.

Back 59

determine the readability levels of several texts

Front 60

Psychologists maintain that learning takes place when the "perceptual field" is ___.

Back 60

organized in a meaningful pattern

Front 61

Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) is a ___.

Back 61

questioning taxonomy

Front 62

Questions should be constructed to ___.

Back 62

guide thoughtful learning

Front 63

The process of reading comprehension refers to ___.

Back 63

a mental activity

Front 64

Expository writing contains ___, ___, and ___.

Back 64

subordinate ideas / super-ordinate ideas / major ideas spanning whole sections of material

Front 65

Discourse analysis is ...

Back 65

the study of organization in reading material

Front 66

The teacher says that she is teaching a lesson on the "Middle East" while at the same time she will be demonstrating the Guided Reading Procedure. She is providing an example of ___.

Back 66

the conscious teaching of strategies

Front 67

The Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA) provides an opportunity for training in ___.

Back 67

listening and speaking through predicting aloud and justifying predictions

Front 68

Comprehension is influenced by ___.

Back 68

how a text is organized

Front 69

Definitions of reading comprehension (have / have not) changed a great deal over the years from 1900 to the present.

Back 69

have not

Front 70

Studies of comprehension indicate that ___ is strategic.

Back 70

effective reading

Front 71

The authors believe that critical thinking is best done in ___ of the lesson framework.

Back 71

the reflective stage

Front 72

The reflection stage of reading is where an ___ should be cultivated.

Back 72

internal locus of control

Front 73

The main purpose of a "pop quiz" should be to ___.

Back 73

help students move toward becoming autonomous learners

Front 74

The main goal in teaching reading to learn is to help students ___.

Back 74

move towards becoming autonomous learners

Front 75

Research on critical thinking indicates that students who can think critically in one discipline (will have / will not have) equal skill to think critically in another discipline.

Back 75

will not have

Front 76

When students take "free rides" they are practicing ___.

Back 76

independent, critical thinking

Front 77

There (is / is not) a clear definition of the construct of critical thinking.

Back 77

is not

Front 78

One way to bring literature into the content classroom is through the use of ___.

Back 78

literary gift exchange

Front 79

An example of a reflection activity that is also a cooperative learning activity is ___.

Back 79

TRIP cards

Front 80

___ is a memory-enhancing device that deals with categorizing large amounts of material into two or three categories.

Back 80

Chunking

Front 81

Massed study (is / is not) an effective study technique.

Back 81

is not

Front 82

Teaching study systems (is / is not) best done in content classrooms.

Back 82

is

Front 83

(T/F) Memory techniques such as method of loci and other mnemonics have been used for thousands of years.

Back 83

True

Front 84

Previewing is offered as the foundation of study because it helps clarify the ___.

Back 84

cognitive structure of students

Front 85

The most efficient study is done in ___.

Back 85

consistent, short segments over several blocks of time

Front 86

Mental push-ups are a way of performing ___.

Back 86

rapid-reading drills

Front 87

(T/F) Ebbinghaus postulated that persons may lose 70 percent of learned information in only a few days.

Back 87

True

Front 88

___, ___, and ___ lead to poor study habits.

Back 88

External distracters / internal distracters / physical distracters

Front 89

Study habits (should / should not) be taught to children younger than sixth grade.

Back 89

should

Front 90

Vocabulary reflection activities are often more beneficial when ___.

Back 90

completed in small groups

Front 91

When a word is so well-known that it is used often in one's speech and writing, it is known at the stage of ___.

Back 91

production knowledge

Front 92

Definitions, signal words and synonyms are all clues to ___.

Back 92

context clue discovery

Front 93

The following vocabulary activities are most suitable for the preparation PAR stage: ___, ___, ___.

Back 93

graphic organizers / possible sentences / word inventories

Front 94

The difference between closed-word sorts and open-word sorts is that in the former the students are ___.

Back 94

given the categories in advance

Front 95

The authors feel that vocabulary instruction can be beneficial in increasing ___, can be accomplished ___, and can be very important in ___.

Back 95

the base of knowledge / at any phase of the lesson / improving comprehension

Front 96

(T/F) Word knowledge is not static but can change over time as a child gains more experience.

Back 96

True

Front 97

Structural analysis is best used in ___ of lesson framework.

Back 97

the assistance stage

Front 98

Looking up words in a dictionary (is/ is not) generally a very helpful preparation strategy.

Back 98

is not

Front 99

Reading comprehension is most affected by ___.

Back 99

knowledge of word meanings

Front 100

(T/F) The subject of a biopoem is always some historical person or event.

Back 100

False

Front 101

Rubrics (are / are not) associated with product writing.

Back 101

are

Front 102

All of the following are principles for developing writing activities to assist comprehension: students need ___, students need ___, and writing assignments ___.

Back 102

an audience / to feel that the writing task is important / should be varied

Front 103

When DaQuan finished his piece entitled "Terrorism: An Enemy Among Us," he asked Tiffany and Billy to read it to be sure it was clear in their estimation. He also asked Travis to do the same before showing it to Mrs. Clinton. This practice is termed ___.

Back 103

C3B4ME

Front 104

Writing errors should be considered at the ___.

Back 104

revision step for a final product

Front 105

All of the following are products of writing to learn: ___, ___, and ___.

Back 105

completed experiments / test essays / research reports

Front 106

A teacher asks her students to write about the effects of a new development project earmarked to be built on wetland property. She then encourages them to send their essays to be published in the local newspaper. She is concerned with teaching ___.

Back 106

both process and product writing

Front 107

To complete the "triangle truth" exercise, the student supplies information in the ___.

Back 107

middle of the triangle

Front 108

Writing to learn can best be described as ___.

Back 108

a tool for learning

Front 109

After completing the unit on ratio and proportion Latisha thought about what she had learned and the strategies and techniques she had used to learn the information. This reflective process to consider one's own learning and thinking is called ___.

Back 109

metacognition

Front 110

The key aspect of the Extended Anticipation Guide is that ...

Back 110

students work in groups after reading to complete the guide

Front 111

The strategy jigsaw makes use of ___ in the lesson.

Back 111

"expert groups"

Front 112

The teaching of responsibility should begin in ___.

Back 112

kindergarten

Front 113

The first phase of the Cooperative Reading Activity (CRA) (is / is not) to have students get in groups to read and discuss an entire passage.

Back 113

is not

Front 114

Cooperative study could take place with ___, ___, and ___.

Back 114

paired reading / interactive guide / cooperative graphing

Front 115

In paired reading one partner is designated as the ___ and the other as the ___.

Back 115

"recaller" / "listener"

Front 116

The teacher tries to establish a dialogue with students to work together in comprehending text. First she -- and later students -- predicts what the paragraph might be about. Then questions are generated, and the paragraph is clarified and summarized. From all of this we can surmise that the teacher is using the ___.

Back 116

reciprocal teaching strategy

Front 117

Studies show that cooperative learning involves all of the following positive attributes for students: ___, ___, and ___.

Back 117

lessens stress reactions of students / helps students become more confident and self-assured / helps students develop socially

Front 118

TRIP stands for ___.

Back 118

Think/Reflect in Pairs

Front 119

Three phases in successful group work (are / are not): commitment, collaboration, and arbitration

Back 119

are not

Front 120

The best reason to establish an affective climate in content classrooms is that such an environment ___.

Back 120

enables students to perform at their highest level potential

Front 121

Teacher enthusiasm (has / has not) been found to be highly correlated with both teacher effectiveness and attitudinal change in students.

Back 121

has

Front 122

Downshifting occurs when negative messages are sent from ___.

Back 122

old mammalian brain to the reptilian brain

Front 123

Competition rather than cooperation between the two brain hemispheres (is / is not) the prevailing mode in instruction.

Back 123

is not

Front 124

A strategy teachers can adapt to foster self-direction and internal motivation is to ___.

Back 124

let students make a set of rules of conduct for class

Front 125

People with an ___ locus of control accept ___ for their behavior.

Back 125

internal / responsibility

Front 126

Efferent reading helps a reader ___.

Back 126

acquire important information

Front 127

GATOR is an example of ___.

Back 127

questioning in the affective domain

Front 128

All students have learning strengths; these are best addressed by ___.

Back 128

variety in instruction

Front 129

When knowledge is not passively received but actively sought by the learner, the process can best be described as ___.

Back 129

constructivism