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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Imperialism
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Control by a strong nation over a weaker nation
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Racism
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Belief that one race is superior to others
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White Man’s Burden
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Poem by Rudyard Kipling explaining an attitude of racial superiority & the need to spread “civilization” for Imperialism
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Social Darwinism
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Use of Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution to explain human societies
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Cecil Rhodes
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British leader who fought for British superiority and takeover in Africa
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Berlin Conference
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Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa
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Shaka
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Zulu chief who created a large centralized state
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Boer
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Dutch colonist in South Africa
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Boer War
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War between the British and the Boers
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King Leopold II
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King of Belgium, The Belgian Congo was where the worst atrocities happened in Africa - rubber mining.
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Paternalism
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Governing in a “parental” way by providing for needs but not giving rights
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Assimilation
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Absorbing colonized people into the culture of the imperialist nation
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Menelik II
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Leader of Ethiopian resistance
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Geopolitics
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Interest in or taking of land for its location or products
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Crimean War
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Conflict in which the Ottoman Empire halted Russian expansion near the Black Sea
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Suez Canal
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Human-made waterway connecting the Red and Mediterranean Seas
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Sepoy
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Indian soldier under British command
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“Jewel in the crown”
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Term referring to India as the most valuable of all British colonies
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Sepoy Mutiny
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Uprising of Indian soldiers against the British
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Raj
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British rule over India from 1757 to 1947
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Opium War
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War between Britain and China over the opium trade
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Extraterritorial rights
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Rights of foreign residents to follow the laws of their own government rather than those of the host country
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Taiping Rebellion
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Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty
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Sphere of Influence
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Area in which a foreign nation controls trade and investment
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Open Door Policy
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Policy proposed by the United States giving all nations equal opportunities to trade in China
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Boxer Rebellion
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Rebellion aimed at ending foreign influence in China
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Treaty of Kanagawa
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Treaty between the United States and Japan opening trade between the two nations
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Meiji Era - Meiji Restoration
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Period of rule by Emperor Mutsuhito from 1867 to 1912 where he restores the empire & gets rid of the tokugawa shoguns.
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Russo–Japanese War
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War between Russia and Japan fought in 1904
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Annexation
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Adding of territory
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Economic causes of Imperialism
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Need for natural resources - desire to expand markets and invest profits - space needed because of the growing population.
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Social Causes of Imperialism
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- Desire to spread Christianity – Spread western religion / part of White Man’s Burden - “White Man’s Burden” – Poem written by Rudyard Kipling, idea that Westerns are superior & have the moral obligation to spread western technology, religion, & education. - Social Darwinism/ European self-confidence - “Yellow Journalism” – sensationalized false headlines used to sell newspapers in the United States. This exaggerated the enemy & support for imperialism
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“Yellow Journalism”
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sensationalized false headlines used to sell newspapers in the United States.
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Political/Military Causes
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Need for Bases, National security, rise of nationalism, prestige - Technological Causes: (answered for you) - Medical knowledge, new weapons, advances in transportation and advances in communication. All come out of the Industrial Revolution.
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How did the Industrial Revolution help lead to Imperialism?
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Led to the advances in technology that allowed the Europeans to take over places. Also led to the need for natural resources and new markets that were motivation for Imperialism.
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Positive effects of Imperialism |
Advances in technology and political stability, Sanitation/Public health improved, Gain railroads, dams, telephone/telegraph lines, Reduced local warfare, Economic expansion, Life spans increase – hospitals and public sanitation, Literacy rates increase – founding of schools
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Negative effects?
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New global economy disrupted traditional local sustenance economies, Food crops exchanged for cash crops, Disruption of community & family structure, Single crop system, Forced non-westerners to adopt Western ways, United traditional enemies under single governments, Barely contained hostilities between the European powers.
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What European powers had colonies in Africa?
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Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, and Belgium had territory in Africa.
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Which African nations escaped Imperialism?
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Liberia and Ethiopia
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Queen Liluokalani
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Last Queen of Hawaii who tried to reduce the power of the U.S. Hawaii annexed by U.S. in 1898
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Commodore Matthew Perry -
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American commander who forced the Japanese to open their borders to trade.
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Open Door Policy
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Policy of the U.S. in Japan & China – allowed free trade by any nation in any port of these countries.
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Causes & Effects of the Spanish American War
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War fought over American interests in Cuba. Helped the Cubans overthrow Spanish rule. Sparked by the explosion of the USS Maine. Easily won by the U.S. Cuba gained its independence & the U.S. annexed the Philippines, Guam & Puerto Rico.
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Panama Canal
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One of the U.S. major goals in Latin America. Columbian govt. rejected the building of canal so U.S. encouraged Panama to break from Columbia. Panama broke from them & allowed the U.S. to construct the canal completed by 1914.
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What nations did the US get during Imperialism? How did they get those nations?
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The United States gained the Philippines, Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico during the Spanish-American War. The later annexed Hawaii
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What areas of the world did Japan take over during Imperialism?
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Japan gained Taiwan, Manchuria, and Korea during Imperialism.
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What was the motivation for Japanese imperialism? |
To gain raw materials to fuel their industrialization. |
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Which Muslim Empires were in decline while the Europeans were being Imperialistic?
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The Ottomans, Safavids, and the Mughal Empires
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What did the European countries get from the declining Muslim powers?
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The Europeans gained concessions (a thing that is granted, especially in response to demands) from the Muslim powers.
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