Ib Psych - Sociocultural Level Of Analysis (Self, Group)

Front 1

What is self?

Back 1

This is a symbolic construct which reflects our consciousness of our own identity.

Front 2

What is self-awareness?

Back 2

This is a psychological state in which people are aware of their traits,
feelings and behavior. Alternatively, it can be defined as the realization of oneself as an individual
entity.

Hint 2

Lewis & Brooks (1978) put a spot of rouge on babies, put in front of a mirror. 9-12 month-old babies treated own image as another child. Around 18 months, recognized self.

Associated Concept: anterior cingulate (in prefrontal cortex)

Front 3

What is private self-awareness?

Back 3

This is when an individual temporarily becomes aware of
private, personal aspects of the self.

Hint 3

Consequences on behavior: (1) intensified emotional response; (2) clarification of knowledge; (3) more likely to adhere to personal standards of behavior

Front 4

What is public self-awareness?

Back 4

This arises when a person is aware of public aspects of themselves
that can be seen and evaluated by others.

Hint 4

Consequences on behavior: (1) evaluation apprehension; (2) loss of self-esteem; (3) adherence to social standards of behavior

Front 5

What is self-consciouness?

Back 5

This is a chronic state of heightened self-awareness.

Hint 5

Privately self-conscious: (1) more intense emotions; (2) more likely to remain true to personal beliefs; (3) more accurate self-perceptions; (4) more likely to pay attention to physiological state; (5) tendency to suffer depression and neuroticism.

Publically self-consciousness: (1) more likely to adhere to group norms; (2) more likely to avoid embarrassing situations; (3) concerned with own physical appearance; (4) more likely to judge others based on their physical appearance.

Front 6

What are schemas?

Back 6

These are cognitive structures that represent the knowledge we have about a
particular concept or type of stimulus.

Front 7

What is a self-schema?

Back 7

This reflects how we expect ourselves to think, feel and behave in a particular
situation.

Hint 7

Self-schemas become active in relevant situations and provide us with information regarding how – based on our
beliefs of who we are – we should respond.

Front 8

What are the theories of self-comparison?

Back 8

These theories argue that when people are self-aware, they can think about whether they are the sort of person they want to be or whether there are ways in which they would like to change.

Hint 8

Carver & Schier's (1981, 1998) control theory of self-regulation: cognitive feedback loop [Test, Operate, Test, Exit]

Higgins's (1987) self-discrepancy theory: emotional response to discrepancies between actual and ideal self

Front 9

What are the theories of individual comparison?

Back 9

These theories argue that we learn about the self by comparing ourselves with other individuals.

Hint 9

Festinger's (1954) social comparison theory argues that beliefs, feelings, and behaviors are subjective; they are, in isolation, simply the product of our own ruminations.

Tesser's (1988) self-concept maintenance model reveals how individuals respond to another person's success: (1) social reflection [if irrelevant and certain], (2) upward social comparison

Front 10

What are the strategies used to maintain self-esteem in the face of upward comparison?

Back 10