Hydraulics

Front 1

Unit weight

Back 1

Gamma vol

Front 2

Mass density

Back 2

Rho vol

Front 3

Specific gravity

Back 3

3

Front 4

Specific weight of h2o

Back 4

In kn/m³ , kg/m³ , g/cc , lb/ft³

Front 5

Common fluids and their sp gr.

Back 5

Water

Sea water

Oil

Mercury

Glyceline

Front 6

Bulk modulus of elasticity

Back 6

Ev

Front 7

Coefficient of compressibility

Back 7

,

Front 8

Shear stress of fluids

Back 8

Tau

Front 9

Kinematic viscosity

Back 9

V

Front 10

Capillarity

Back 10

Where :

Front 11

Surface tension

Back 11

.

Front 12

Pressure

Back 12

Or stress is the force per unit area

Front 13

Types of pressure

Back 13

Gage pressure

Absolute pressure

Vacuum pressure

Front 14

Pascals law

Back 14

For fluids at rest, pressure is actibg in all direction and normal to the boundary surface

Front 15

Fluid conversion

Back 15

Saha=sbhb

Front 16

Boyles law

Back 16

Pivi=p2v2

Front 17

Bar to pa

Back 17

1bar =10^5 pascals

Front 18

Liter to m3

Back 18

1000 l = 1m3

Front 19

Forces on planes/ submerged planes/gates

Back 19

F=

e

hbar

Front 20

Forces on curve/ submerged planes/gates

Back 20

Fx

Fy

F

Front 21

Forces acting on dams

Back 21

F

W1

Pmax/min

Qmax/min

Front 22

Factor of safety on dams

Back 22

Fos (overturning)

Fos(sliding)

Front 23

Archimedes principle

Back 23

A body submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the displayed fluid

Front 24

Buoyant force

Back 24

,

Front 25

Relative or dynamic equilibrium

Horizontal acceleration

Back 25

Tan©= a/g

Front 26

Upward acceleration

Back 26

P2= Yh(1+a/g)

Front 27

Rotating vessel

Energy head

Back 27

Wawarara/tuga

Front 28

Volume of paraboloid

One base

Two bases

Back 28

V=½πR²h

V=½πh(R²+r²)

Front 29

Rotating vessels principle

Back 29

Without spilling any water

.vol.airfinal-vol.air initial

=vol spilled (0)

Vol.paraboloid-vol.cylinder=spilled

By spp

R²/Y = r²/y=D²/Height

Front 30

Stability of floating bodies

MBO

Back 30

Babainadaw

Front 31

Bernoulli's energy equation

3energy heads

Back 31

,

Front 32

Bernoulli's principle

Back 32

The amount of energy at the upstream is equal to the amount of energy at the downstream plus the energy lost.

Front 33

Head losses or frictional losses

Darcy-weisbach

Back 33

0.0826fLQ² /D^5

Front 34

Head losses or frictional losses

Mannings

Back 34

Front 35

Minor head losses due to bending or enlargement

Back 35

Front 36

Discharge

Back 36

Qav

Front 37

Pumps or turbine

(Power)

Back 37

Front 38

For pump

Equation

Back 38

Head udded to E1

Front 39

For turbine

Back 39

Minus sa e1

Front 40

Hp to watts

Back 40

1hp= 746watts

Front 41

Bee

Elevation lower than 0

Back 41

Negative

Front 42

Pipes in series network

Q

HL

Back 42

Front 43

Pipes in parallel network

Q

HL

Back 43

Front 44

Pipes in series or parallel network equations

Back 44

Eq ng loob

Eq. Ng labas (last) including Q1

Usually:

Q2=Q3