Human Growth And Development Ch 3

Front 1

Affordances

Back 1

The option that a given situation or stimulus provides.

Front 2

Auditory impairment

Back 2

A special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing.

Front 3

Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale ( NBAS)

Back 3

A measure designed to determine infants neurological and behavioral responses to their environment

Front 4

Cerebral cortex

Back 4

The upper layer of the brain

Front 5

Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)

Back 5

Substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech; the most common speech impairment.

Front 6

Gerontologist

Back 6

Specialists who study aging.

Front 7

Glaucoma

Back 7

A condition in which pressure in the fluid of the eye increases, either because the fluid cannot drain properly or because too much fluid is produced.

Front 8

Generalized slowing hypothesis

Back 8

The theory that processing in all parts of the nervous system, including the brain, is less efficient

Front 9

Handedness

Back 9

The preference of using one hand over the other

Front 10

Lateralization

Back 10

The process in which certain cognitive functions are located more in one hemisphere of the brain than in the other.

Front 11

Menarche

Back 11

The onset of menstruation

Front 12

Myelin

Back 12

Protective insulation that surrounds parts of neurons, increasing the speed of transmission of electrical impulses along brain cells

Front 13

Multimodal approach to perception

Back 13

The approach that considers how information that is collected by various individual sensory systems is integrated and coordinated

Front 14

Norms

Back 14

The average performance of a large sample of children of a given age

Front 15

Osteoporosis

Back 15

A condition in which the bones become brittle, frahile, and thin, often brought about by a lack of calcium in the diet

Front 16

Puberty

Back 16

The period of maturation during which the sexual organs mature

Front 17

Primary sex characteristic

Back 17

Characteristics associated with the development of the organs and structures of the body that directly relate to reproduction

Front 18

Primary aging

Back 18

Aging that involves universal and irreversible changes that, due to genetic programming, occur as people get older.

Front 19

Plasticity

Back 19

The degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience

Front 20

Perception

Back 20

The sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli involving the sense organs and brain

Front 21

Presbyopia

Back 21

A nearly universal change in eyesight during middle adulthood that results in some loss of near vision

Front 22

Presbycusis

Back 22

Loss of the ability to hear sounds of high frequency

Front 23

Peripheral slowing hypothesis

Back 23

The theory that suggests that overall processing speed declines in the peripheral nervous system with increased aging

Front 24

Rhythms

Back 24

Repetetive, cyclical patterns of behavior

Front 25

REM ( rapid eye movement)

Back 25

The period of sleep that is found in older children and adults and is associated with dreaming

Front 26

Reflexes

Back 26

Unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli

Front 27

State

Back 27

Degree of awareness an infant displays to both internal and external stimulation

Front 28

Secondary sex characteristics

Back 28

The visible signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve the sex organs

Front 29

Senescence

Back 29

The natural physical decline brought about by increasing age

Front 30

Secondary aging

Back 30

Changes in physical and cognitive functioning that are due to illness, health habits, and other individual differences, but that are not due to increased age itself and are not inevitable

Front 31

Synaptic pruning

Back 31

The elimination of neurons as the result of nonuse or lack of stimulation

Front 32

Sensitive period

Back 32

A point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences

Front 33

Sensation

Back 33

The physical stimulation of the sense organs

Front 34

Speech impairment

Back 34

A special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing

Front 35

Visual impairment

Back 35

A special need that involves significant loss of sight