Hk 468 Midterm (Purdue)

Front 1

What is the primary energy carrying molecule in the cell?

Back 1

ATP

Front 2

How much ATP per gram of muscle is stored?

Back 2

Store 7-8 mol ATP/g muscle

Front 3

How much ATP per gram of muscle per second does exercise utilize?

Back 3

Exercise utilizes 10 mol ATP/g muscle/second

Front 4

With stores of ATP, how long can you exercise for?

Back 4

Stored ATP can supply energy for one second of exercise

Front 5

What is the reaction of ATP?

Back 5

ATP ---> ADP + Pi + Energy

Front 6

What enzyme breaks down ATP?

Back 6

ATPase

Front 7

What happens after ATP is depleted and ADP concentrations are increased?

Back 7

Increased concentrations of ADP stimulate creatine kinase (CK), adenylate kinase, and AMP deaminase

Front 8

What is the reaction for creatine kinase?

Back 8

PC (phosphocreatine) + ADP <-> ATP + creatine

Front 9

What is the reaction for adenylate kinase?

Back 9

ADP + ADP &lt;-> ATP + AMP

Front 10

What is the reaction for AMP deaminase?

Back 10

AMP -> IMP (inosine monophosphate) + NH3

Front 11

What is the duration of exercise using ATP-PC system?

Back 11

Less than 5 seconds

Front 12

Is there a method of increasing the concentration of phosphocreatine (PC) with in skeletal muscle cells?

Back 12

Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation

Front 13

How does creatine monhydrate supplementation work?

Back 13

Take 20 grams of PC over 5 days and it increases your intramuscular stores of PC

Front 14

What does increased intramuscular stores of PC do?

Back 14

Improves performance in short duration (<30seconds) high intensity cycling; Improves strength and increases fat free mass when used in conjunction with resistance training

Front 15

What is the glycolysis pathway used for?

Back 15

Transfer bond energy from glucose to rejoin Pi and ADP

Front 16

Where does glycolysis take place?

Back 16

Cytosol

Front 17

What are the two phases of glycolysis?

Back 17

(1) Energy Investment- phosphates are added to glucose and fuctose 6 phosphate by ATP
(2) Energy Generation- ATP and NADH are generated

Front 18

What is the net ATP production from one glucose molecule under anaerobic conditions?

Back 18

2 ATP; one molecule of glucose produces 4 molecules of ATP. However, 2 molecules of ATP are initially utilized. Therefore, the net ATP production from 1 molecule of glucose under anaerobic conditions is 2 ATP

Front 19

What is the net ATP production from one glycogen moleucle under anaerobic conditions?

Back 19

3 ATP; one molcule of glycogen produces 4 molecules of ATP. Hoever, 1 molecules of ATP is initially utilized. Therefore, the net ATP production from 1 molecule of glucose under anaerobic conditions is 3 ATP

Front 20

What is the net ATP production from one triglyceride or protein molecule under anaerobic conditions?

Back 20

Zero because they are both metabolized from aerobic conditions; neither protein nor triglyccerides can combine ADP and Pi to produce ATP because it required oxygen

Front 21

How does the presence of oxygen effect glycolysis?

Back 21

Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is not converted to lactate

Front 22

What happens to pyruvate under aerobic conditions?

Back 22

Transported into the mitochondria; NADH to ETC

Front 23

Describe the basics of the Krebs Cycle

Back 23

Aerobic production of ATP, occurs in the mitochondria, produces 1 ATP per cycle (2 ATP per molecule of glucose), and utilizes hydrogen carriers (NAD and FAD)

Front 24

In the Krebs Cycle, what does one molecule of pyruvate produce?

Back 24

4 NADH, 1 FADH, and 1 ATP (all x2 because it happens twice)

Front 25

What happens to the hydrogen carriers (NADH and FADH) during the Krebs Cycle?

Back 25

Generate energy from moving across the membrane

Front 26

Where does the ETC occur?

Back 26

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

Front 27

What happens during the ETC?

Back 27

Electrons are released from NADH and FADH adn move down cytochromes. The movement of electrons down cytrochromes forces H+ across teh membrane. This H+ movement causes ADP + Pi -> ATP

Front 28

How much ATP is required to make one NADH?

Back 28

2.5 ATP

Front 29

How much ATP is required to make one FADH?

Back 29

1.5 ATP

Front 30

What is the final hydrogen acceptor in the ETC?

Back 30

1 oxygen, forms water

Front 31

****review "putting it all together" slide****

Back 31

**

Front 32

What enzyme regulates ATP-PC?

Back 32

Creatine Kinase

Front 33

What enzyme regulates glycolysis?

Back 33

Phosphofuctokinase

Front 34

What enzyme regulates krebs cycle?

Back 34

Isocitrate

Front 35

What enzyme regulates the electron transport train?

Back 35

Cytochrome Oxidase

Front 36

What enzyme stimulates all of the enzymes that regulate bioenergetics?

Back 36

ADP

Front 37

What inhibits all of the enzymes that regulate bioenergetics?

Back 37

ATP

Front 38

Where is the majority of ATP produced?

Back 38

Mitochondria

Front 39

What are the two types of mitochondria?

Back 39

Subsacrolemmal Mitochondria and Intermyofibrillar mitochondria

Front 40

4-6 Weeks of endurance training can increase mitochondrial content by how much?

Back 40

30-100%