Carbohydrate digestion involves the conversion of polysaccharides and disaccharides into their relevant components of monosaccharides. Digestion begins in the mouth, where chewing and biting breaks down carbohydrates physically and chemically. The enzyme salivary amylase combines with food. When the food enters the stomach hydrochloric acid present causes hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose. The food passes to the duodenum where pancreatic amylase is secreted and has optimum PH, so most digestion of carbohydrates takes place in the small intestine. There are enzymes present in the brush border which converts disaccharides into monosaccharides see they can be absorbed (enter conversions – lactose = galactose and glucose)
In the stomach, …show more content…
Glucose can also be used to synthesize amino acids, glycogen, and triglycerides. Glucose will move into most cells via facilitated diffusion through glucose transporters (GLUT) and becomes phosphorylated to glucose 6-phosphate. The process is stimulated by insulin in muscle cells.
Cellular respiration occurs, which is the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H20, involving glycoses, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Glycolysis occurs to form pyruvic acid. When oxygen is in short supply, such as in aerobic conditions, pyruvic acid is reduced to lactic acid. Pyruvic acid enters the Krebs cycle and energy which was stored in the glucose molecules and then to pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A and then produces three molecules of CO2, 4 molecules NADH, and 4 H+, one molecule of FADH2 and one molecule of ATP. The Krebs cycle also involves decarboxylation, oxidation, and reduction of various organic acids.
The electron transport chain will produce a number of oxidation reduction reactions, in which the energy from NADH and FADH2 is transferred to ATP. The electron transport chain will involve a maximum of 32-34 molecules of ATP and 6 molecules of
In the stomach, …show more content…
Glucose can also be used to synthesize amino acids, glycogen, and triglycerides. Glucose will move into most cells via facilitated diffusion through glucose transporters (GLUT) and becomes phosphorylated to glucose 6-phosphate. The process is stimulated by insulin in muscle cells.
Cellular respiration occurs, which is the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H20, involving glycoses, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Glycolysis occurs to form pyruvic acid. When oxygen is in short supply, such as in aerobic conditions, pyruvic acid is reduced to lactic acid. Pyruvic acid enters the Krebs cycle and energy which was stored in the glucose molecules and then to pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A and then produces three molecules of CO2, 4 molecules NADH, and 4 H+, one molecule of FADH2 and one molecule of ATP. The Krebs cycle also involves decarboxylation, oxidation, and reduction of various organic acids.
The electron transport chain will produce a number of oxidation reduction reactions, in which the energy from NADH and FADH2 is transferred to ATP. The electron transport chain will involve a maximum of 32-34 molecules of ATP and 6 molecules of