History Of Psych Final

Front 1

Karen Horney disagreed with

Back 1

Freud's theory
all neurosis did not derive from parents nor have a sexual basis

Front 2

Karen Horney had patients during the period

Back 2

after the Great Depression

Front 3

Karen Horney believes mental illness is caused by

Back 3

social problems rather than intrapsychic conflicts

Front 4

Children's 1st basic need

Back 4

to be safe from pain and fear

Front 5

Neurosis occurs when parents are

Back 5

indifferent (dont care)
inconsistent
hateful

Front 6

Horney calls when parent's have negative interaction with their children

Back 6

basic evil

Front 7

the child develops ___ when the parent shows basic evil

Back 7

basic hostility

Front 8

basic hostility develops into

Back 8

a view of the world as evil & unpredictable
the world is out to get you

Front 9

child cannot agress the parent so

Back 9

basic hostility is repressed
becomes basic anxiety

Front 10

basic anxiety is

Back 10

prerequisite for later neurosis.

Front 11

3 patterns of adjustment to basic anxiety

Back 11

compliant type, hostile type, detached type

Front 12

compliant type

Back 12

moving toward people
need to be loved, accepted

Front 13

hostile type

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moving against people
person feels like everyone acts this way so they have to do it more effectively than the rest

Front 14

detached type

Back 14

moving away from people
if i withdraw nothing can hurt me

Front 15

Karen Horney is the founder of

Back 15

feminine psychology

Front 16

Horney discounted Freud's anatomy is destiny with

Back 16

personality traits are culturally based
women are culturally inferior to men

Front 17

when women appear to act masculine

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they really want cultural equality
strength success independence

Front 18

Pythagoras

Back 18

the basis of all knowledge is the fixed law of numbers.

Front 19

e.g. of Pythagorian fixed numbers

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1. God 2 female 3 male 4 perfection 5 marriage

Front 20

Pythagoreans were the 1st to

Back 20

use music as therapy for certain neuroses

Front 21

Pythagoreans also promoted

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equality of sexes, abolition of slavery, humane treatment of animals & vegetarianism

Front 22

Heraclitus

Back 22

everything seems to be constantly changing and transorming vs everything is fixed in nature (Pythagoras)

Front 23

heraclitus motto

Back 23

no person steps in the same river twice
1st experience influences perceoption of the 2nd
the person is not exactly the same person

Front 24

1st theory of self

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Socrates

Front 25

When you talk to yourself who do you talk to

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essentialist view & dialogical view

Front 26

essentialist view

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your soul, self is a material essence we possess and have to discover
eg abused-woman self

Front 27

dialogical view

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not descovered like a thing (noun)
self is a mental dialogue based on social comparisons with culturally defined "self-types"

Front 28

knowledge of self requires

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introspection (look inside and examine certain aspects)
& knowledge of cultural 'self-types' and/or ppl who serve as our ideal self-types

Front 29

Traditional cultures have fewer

Back 29

desirable self types

Front 30

anterograde amnesia is

Back 30

inability to form new memories

Front 31

Plato's allegory of the cave

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things are not always what we perceive it to be
we ask how do we know what we know is true?

Front 32

Aristotle: perception

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in perceiving, the mind receives the form of an object not what its made of
We also see things for what we expect them to be

Front 33

Aristotle: memory

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remembering or recall

Front 34

remembering

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act of spontaneous recollection of an event without asking for it

Front 35

recall

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act of actively searching one's memory
test through recognition tests

Front 36

Aristotle: association

Back 36

4 laws
law of contiguity, similarity, contrast, & frequency

Front 37

law of contiguity

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thoughts are grouped together based on how we experienced them

Front 38

law of similarity

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similar thoughts are remembered together

Front 39

law of contrast

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opposing thoughts are remembered together

Front 40

law of frequency

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the more 2 things happen together the better you rembember

Front 41

Aristotle: soul

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vegetative, sensitive, & rational soul

Front 42

vegatative soul

Back 42

possessed by plants; involved only in growth nutrition & reproduction

Front 43

sensitive soul

Back 43

possessed by animals; allows pain, pleasure & memory

Front 44

rational soul

Back 44

possessed by humans, allows for thinking/ reasoning & rational thought

Front 45

Aristotle: universals of human functioning

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humans are political animals (social beings)
human behavior is governed by social rules and norms
humans are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain

Front 46

cynics

Back 46

living like a dog
believes anything that can be known is accessible to the simplest individual
being indifferent to fate will emancipate us from fear

Front 47

skeptics

Back 47

aka the doubting philosophers
nothing can ever be known for certain
phenomena merely occur, they are not true/false, good/evil

Front 48

epicureans

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happiness lies in the little things
a good life is a balanced moderate prudent life
friendship is the highest form of social pleasure

Front 49

The goal of the wise (epicurean)

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absence of pain and fear is the truest of pleasure

Front 50

stoics

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aka the philosophy of predestination
life happens according to a grand plan, there are no accidents

Front 51

Empiricism

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all knowledge is derived from experience
to know is to learn- to learn is to associate

Front 52

Thomas Hobbes

Back 52

founder of British empiricism

Front 53

Thomas Hobbes beleives human mind and body could be understood

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based on mechanistic principles
based on what they have done & thought before

Front 54

Thomas Hobbes on free will

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free will does not exist every decision is determined by what came before

Front 55

Does Thomas hobbes believe humans nice or evil

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humans are innately violent selfish & greedy

Front 56

Thomas Hobbes believes mental processes are derived from

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our sensory experiences:
the origin of our thoughts comes from that which we can sense

Front 57

John Locke's tabula rasa

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blank slate argument

Front 58

How then is the mind furnished (John Locke)

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the contents of the mind are ultimately derived from experiences (sensations)

Front 59

Aristotle's overall laws of association

Back 59

there is nothing in the mind that was not 1st in the senses but...
operations of the mind are innate

Front 60

Associatinism

Back 60

John Locke's idea that simple ideas (sensations) can be turned into complex ideas (reflections)
*mind cannot create or destroy ideas can only rearrange them

Front 61

Condillac's treatise on the sensation

Back 61

pushes Lockes associationism to its logial extremes

Front 62

The sentient status argument
Condillac

Back 62

statue can only smell
contents: what/learned
processed:how/learned (again)
Locke believed the "how" is innate

Front 63

the statue 's memory consists of

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the way he recycles sensations inthe same order

Front 64

imagination is when the statue

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recycles the info ina different order

Front 65

the statues personal preference

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is when he groups together similar pleasant experiences

Front 66

Kant

Back 66

tries to bring toegether empericst and rationalist views

Front 67

Kant believed

Back 67

knowledge is not all derived from experience
(concept of time on a floating boat)

Front 68

Answer to KAnt's boat question

Back 68

we must already possess the concept (rationalist view)
in order to experience (empiricst view) things as occuring in time
Experience cannot create a concept, it can only assume one

Front 69

a priori

Back 69

prior to experience
innate knowledge structures that allow us to organize all our sensory experiences

Front 70

1st a priori category

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space and time- category of quantity
unity- one
plurality- many
totality-all

Front 71

trancendental ideas

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are beyond our sensory experiences
coressponds to no actual obejcts in out experieces

Front 72

3 trancental ideas that give unity/synthesis to our experiences

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self/mind, world/universe, God

Front 73

self/mind

Back 73

keeping together all of our psychological states/ events

Front 74

world/universe

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general synthesis of external events

Front 75

God

Back 75

regulating both internal and external states

Front 76

1st antinomy

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the world is limited in time & space vs
the world is unlimited in time & space

Front 77

2nd antinomy

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every substance is made up of simpler parts vs
every substance cannot be brokin into its simplest constituents

Front 78

3rd antinomy (important to psych

Back 78

the laws of nature require cauality in a deeterministic manner (cause & effect) vs
free will does not require deterministic causality
(do we have ability to make our own decisions)

Front 79

4th antinomy

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there must be a necessary cause for the world (God) vs an absolutely necessary cause need not exist
Does God exist

Front 80

Romanticism

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emphasized the impportance of emotions as opposed to reason inunderstanding human nature
return to nature/ free the child inside of you way of life

Front 81

Rousseau believes that

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man is born free and yet we see him everywhere in chains

Front 82

Roussea: governments are based on

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the faulty assumption that ppl need to be governed
ppl are actually nice

Front 83

Roussaeu- the noble savage

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all humans are born naturally good but are later transformed, tainted by laws and the institutes of soceity

Front 84

Hobbs and Rosseau both believe

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humans do need to be ruled (live in a society)

Front 85

The diff btwn Hobbes belief and Rosseau's belief

Back 85

Hobbes absolute monarchy

Rosseau absolute communism

Front 86

JAmes

Back 86

functionalist school

Front 87

James method for streams of concousciousness

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natural introspection (sittin down thinking about why you do what you do)

Front 88

5 streams of consciousness

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c is: personal, continuous, constantly hanging, selective, and functional

Front 89

c is personal

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reflects the unique experience of one individual

Front 90

c is continuous

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cannot be further divided for analysis (can never stop thinking)

Front 91

c is constantly changing

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one can never have exactly the same idea/thought twice
(Heraclitus)

Front 92

C is selective

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some thoughts are usually selected from the stream for further consideration/attention

Front 93

c is functional

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ir has a purpose: to adapt the organism to its environment

Front 94

Emperical self-

Back 94

a person's me (the sum of everything that belongs to me

Front 95

material self

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a person's property

Front 96

social self

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a man has as many social selves as there are individuals who recognize him and carry an image of him in their minds

Front 97

spiritual self

Back 97

a perons conscious experience

Front 98

self esteem

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what you have/ what you dreamt of achieving

reality/illusion, success/pretentions

Front 99

self esteem can be increased either by

Back 99

succeeding more or expecting less

Front 100

Traditional theory of emotion

Back 100

event-emotion-reaction

Front 101

JAmes theory of emotion

Back 101

event-reaction-emotion
behave the way you want to feel