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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was Thomas Wolsey? |
Wolsey was Henry VIII’s personal advisor and almoner. He obtained positions such as Lord Chancellor, Archbishop of York and Papal Legate. |
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What was direct taxation? What was the fifteenths and tenths? |
Direct taxation - demanded that each community paid a percentage of their income to the crown. The fifteenths and tenths - How much money taxation charged. 1/15 in rural areas, 1/10 in urban areas |
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What was the subsidy act? Why was it successful? |
A tax where you paid depending on how rich you were. The richer you were, the more tax you needed to pay. It wasn’t as costly as the fifteenths and tenths and was much more efficient. |
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What was direct taxation? What was the fifteenths and tenths? |
Direct taxation - demanded that each community paid a percentage of their income to the crown. The fifteenths and tenths - How much money taxation charged. 1/15 in rural areas, 1/10 in urban areas |
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What were the Eltham Ordinances? |
A list Wolsey made to organise and of course reform Henry’s court. |
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What were the Eltham Ordinances? |
A list Wolsey made to organise and of course reform Henry’s court. |
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What were two features of the Eltham Ordinances? |
It was designed to conserve money in the royal household. It organised and disciplined Henry’s privy chamber and household. |
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What were the Eltham Ordinances? |
A list Wolsey made to organise and of course reform Henry’s court. |
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What were two features of the Eltham Ordinances? |
It was designed to conserve money in the royal household. It organised and disciplined Henry’s privy chamber and household. |
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What was the amicable grant? |
This was a tax that demanded the priests pay a 1/3 and regular people pay 1/6 of their income. They were given just ten weeks to find the money. |
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What were the Eltham Ordinances? |
A list Wolsey made to organise and of course reform Henry’s court. |
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What were two features of the Eltham Ordinances? |
It was designed to conserve money in the royal household. It organised and disciplined Henry’s privy chamber and household. |
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What was the amicable grant? |
This was a tax that demanded the priests pay a 1/3 and regular people pay 1/6 of their income. They were given just ten weeks to find the money. |
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State two reasons why Wolsey introduced the Amicable grant |
He needed to ensure that the country’s tax didn’t demand too much of the public. England lost most of their finances to a failed invasion of France after Francis I was captured by Charles V during the Battle of Pavia meaning money needed to urgently be raised.
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What were the Eltham Ordinances? |
A list Wolsey made to organise and of course reform Henry’s court. |
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What were two features of the Eltham Ordinances? |
It was designed to conserve money in the royal household. It organised and disciplined Henry’s privy chamber and household. |
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What was the amicable grant? |
This was a tax that demanded the priests pay a 1/3 and regular people pay 1/6 of their income. They were given just ten weeks to find the money. |
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State three reasons why Wolsey introduced the Amicable grant |
He needed to ensure that the country’s tax didn’t demand too much of the public. (Fifteenths and tenths) England lost most of their finances to a failed invasion of France after Francis I was captured by during the Battle of Pavia meaning money needed to urgently be raised.
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Describe two features of the Treaty of London |
Wolsey aimed to achieve ‘universal peace’ meaning he wished to permanently end warfare between France, England and Spain. Wolsey wanted to ensure that everyone, especially the Ottoman Empire recognised England for its diplomatic and political superiority. |
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What was the Treaty of London? |
A contract made by Wolsey which stated that each country would follow a non-agressive foreign policy meaning they weren’t allowed to attack each other. |
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What was the Treaty of London? |
A contract made by Wolsey which stated that each country would follow a non-agressive foreign policy meaning they weren’t allowed to attack each other. |
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Describe two features of England’s war with France |
The war was exceedingly costly. This is was because after Spain agreed to help England invade England, they withdrew last minute meaning only England had to pay reparations. Francis I, the holy Roman emperor was abducted by Charles V, the Spanish king as a prisoner whilst the French army was being defeated. |
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What was the Treaty of London? |
A contract made by Wolsey which stated that each country would follow a non-agressive foreign policy meaning they weren’t allowed to attack each other. |
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Describe two features of England’s war with France |
The war was exceedingly costly. This is was because after Spain agreed to help England invade England, they withdrew last minute meaning only England had to pay reparations. Francis I, the holy Roman emperor was abducted by Charles V, the Spanish king as a prisoner whilst the French army was being defeated. |
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What was the The Field of the Cloth of Gold? |
A grandiose diplomatic meeting that took place between Henry and Francis outside of Calais. Both monarchs failed to talk of anything that was actually important; it was just a boast of wealth, power and prestige which Henry considered to be successful |
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What were the four reasons why Wolsey fell from power? |
The Amicable Grant - opposition to it was the first significant rebellion of Henry’s reign, Wolsey’s unpopularity increased. Annulment - Wolsey tried to annul Catherine from Henry but failed despite attempting to find evidence in the Leviticus of an illegitimate marriage and appealing to the Pope. Boleyn Faction- Anne and her family who had gained influence in Henry’s court blamed each failure on Wolsey influencing Henry’s thoughts about him as well which was disastrous for his reputation. Charles V - Charles V and Spain had abandoned Henry and England when they were on the brink of invading France despite signing Wolsey’s Treaty of Bruges beforehand. |
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What was the Treaty of Bruges? |
A treaty of alliance between England and Spain and it sought to establish a date for a war with France. |
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Outline the three reasons why Henry wanted an annulment. |
Love - Henry had fallen out of love with Catherine of Aragon and fallen in love with Anne Boleyn. Male Heir - Catherine lost his favour because she couldn’t give him a son to secure England’s throne. Religion - Henry thought God was punishing him with no sons because he went against the Bible by marrying his brother’s widow. |
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Outline the three reasons why Henry wanted an annulment. |
Love - Henry had fallen out of love with Catherine of Aragon and fallen in love with Anne Boleyn. Male Heir - Catherine lost his favour because she couldn’t give him a son to secure England’s throne. Religion - Henry thought God was punishing him with no sons because he went against the Bible by marrying his brother’s widow. |
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Thomas Cromwell soon replaced his master Wolsey after he was persecuted and died. How did he secure Henry an annulment? |
Cromwell transferred the power to grant an annulment from the Pope to Henry. He got parliament involved and he knew this monumental action could be done with the permission. |
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Name three reasons why Anne fell from Henry’s favour |
She was accused with adultery, conspiracy against the crown and incest, she didn’t provide Henry with a male heir and Henry fell for the sweet and homely Jane Seymour. |
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C |
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Name the three reasons as to why Cromwell’s reforms were a success to Henry’s government and finance. |
Cromwell made reforms to statute law. He saw potential in parliament and wanted them to get more involved with affairs and Henry’s decisions. Cromwell reformed the Royal Council and rebranded it as the Privy Council after making it more personal. Cromwell implemented the Court of Augmentations and the Court of First Fruits and Tenths. |
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What were The Court of Augmentations and The Court of First Fruits and Tenths? |
The COA managed gained property and income. The COFFAT collected tax money from the clergy. |
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What were the three ways Henry closed down the monasteries? |
Valour Ecclesiasticus (evaluation of finances) showed that the monasteries had a considerable income of £160000 which Henry needed. Cromwell’s Commissions found 181 cases of homosexuality and nuns giving birth which was evidence to shut them down. Henry was beginning to question the loyalty of the monks and nuns in the monasteries anyways because most of them kept links with Rome after England’s break and was convinced they were owing their loyalty to someone else. |
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What were the three ways Henry closed down the monasteries? |
Valour Ecclesiasticus (evaluation of finances) showed that the monasteries had a considerable income of £160000 which Henry needed. Cromwell’s Commissions found 181 cases of homosexuality and nuns giving birth which was evidence to shut them down. Henry was beginning to question the loyalty of the monks and nuns in the monasteries anyways because most of them kept links with Rome after England’s break and was convinced they were owing their loyalty to someone else. |
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State the four reasons for the Pilgrimage of Grace |
Religious factors, social factors, economic factors and political factors. |
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What were the three ways Henry closed down the monasteries? |
Valour Ecclesiasticus (evaluation of finances) showed that the monasteries had a considerable income of £160000 which Henry needed. Cromwell’s Commissions found 181 cases of homosexuality and nuns giving birth which was evidence to shut them down. Henry was beginning to question the loyalty of the monks and nuns in the monasteries anyways because most of them kept links with Rome after England’s break and was convinced they were owing their loyalty to someone else. |
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State the four reasons for the Pilgrimage of Grace |
Religious factors, social factors, economic factors and political factors. |
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State the three reasons why Cromwell fell from power |
The Duke of Norfolk Anne Boleyn’s influence Failure of Henry’s marriage to Anne of Cleves and alliance with Duke of Cleves. |
