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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Continental Congress
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-established in september 1774
-55 delegates convened in Philadelphia -selecting delegates was significant... gathering to discuss matters was considered treason and labeled one as a traitor to the crown -leading thinkers: John Adams Samuel Adams John Jay George Washington Richard Henry Lee Patrick Henry Tasks: -define grievances -develop plans -outline relationship between colonies and england |
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Declaration of Rights and Grievances
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-also called Declaration and Resolves of The First Continental Congress
-declared that Americans would obey Parliament, but only beacuse its everyone's best interest to do so, but would resist taxes in disguise like Townshend acts -delagates agreed on laws they wanted repealed... petitioned George III for relief |
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Non-Importation Association
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(need better idea of what it is!)
-halt imports of British goods, effective December 1, 1774 -non-consumption of british goods, effective March 1, 1775 non-exportation of American goods to britain and colonies, effective september 10, 1775 |
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Committees of Observation and Inspection
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-acted in place of the Colonial Assemblies
-examining merchants accounts, and spying on loyalists -these committeemen would become the local leaders of the American Revolution |
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General Thomas Gage
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-declares colnists in rebellion and ordered to arrest leaders, doesn't arrive until April 14, 1775
-Gage realized arrest of leaders' wouldn't stop anything -moved to seize colonial arms stored at concord (home base) -led to Midnight Ride of Paul Revere and William Dawes |
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George Washington
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-president of constitutional convention
-model for the executive -natural choice for the first president... unanimously elected -acted cautiously for the first few months |
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Paul Revere
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-messenger sent to warn the countryside by Bostonians that "the british are coming"
-took rout north of the brits |
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William Dawes
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-messenger sent to warn the countryside by Bostonians that "the british are coming"
-took rout south of the brits |
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Declaration of the Causes and Necessitites of Taking up Arms
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-July 6, 1775
-still no desire to break from Britain -taking up arms to preserve old liberties and freedoms which were their birthright -letter to Mrs. Adams (maybe the olive branch petition) intercepted and published in britain... badddd |
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Olive Branch Petition
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-July 8, 1775
-still loyal to the kind, asked him to remove evil councilors -problem of dissent expressed by John Adams -letter to Mrs. Adams (pretty sure it's this one) intercepted and published in britain... bad |
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Thomas Paine
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-author of Common Sense pamphlet
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Common Sense
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-written by Thomas Paine
-120,000 copies sold in 3 months -called for independence -callenged assumptions about government -written in the language of the people |
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James Madison
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-one of the Democratic Republicans with Jefferson
?? ?? ?? |
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Alexander Hamilton
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-born in West Indies, illegitimate son of Scottish aristocrat, mom divorced for adultery, early years spend in poverty
-1773, enrolls in Kings College (now Columbia) NYC, writes pamphlets for pre-revolutionary war publication at 17 -devout patriot of new home, volunteers immediately, catches the eye of Washington -Washington helps poor kid from dubious background marry into a rich NY family -emerges as one of the leading political theorists of his day |
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Treaty of Paris 1783
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-colonies independent... generous boundaries (present day boundary with canada, 31st parallel to the south-northern border of florida, and mississippi to the west)
-unlimited fishing rights off Newfoundland -Florida back to Spain as part of agreement with France -left other questions unanswered... native allies, merchants, loyalists |
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Articles of Confederation
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-adopted on November 15, 1777 after a year of debate
-ratified in March 1781, creating a "Firm League of Friendship" -unicameral house, one state, one vote -unanimous consent required for alterations to the Articles very limited in powers: -conduct foreign relations -mediate disputes between states -regulate maritime trade -handle indian affairs -valuing state and national coinage |
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Bill of Rights
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-7 states constitutions had bills of rights
-others had similar clauses -emphasis on preventing Tyranny, not making them effective |
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John Jay
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??
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Northwest Ordinances
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-1785 ordinance governed land sales
-townships of 6 miles squares, divided into 36 sections of 640 acres, land sold for $1 per acre -showed little regard for the common man ($640 was a gents yearly wages) -revenue would go to fund public scools -first independent revenue of the new national government! -1787 ordinance dealt with more practical matters -contains a bill of rights for settlers -freedom of religion, jury trials, forbidding cruel and unusual punishments, and nominally prohibiting slavery (not enforced)... already slaves in the territory... gov not interested in depriving people of their proverty... contained a provision for legal relations of runaways... mostly keeps slavery from taking root in territory -ws purely theoretical as had no real control over the area -Miami, Shawnee, Delaware indians refuse to acknowledge sovereignty and continues raids |
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Shay's Rebellion
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-farmers in WESTERN MASS.
-violent opposition to heavy taxes, farmers paying 1/3 of their income -Daniel Shays, former continental army officer assumes nominal control over group -Jan 25, 1787-- 150 men attempt to capture military stores housed in SPRINGFIELD, MASS. -fired against old compatriots, 24 casualties forces withdrawal -rights for rebellion?? "whenever any encroacments are made either upon liberties or properties of the people, if redress cannot be had without, it is virtue in them to disturb government." |
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Constitutional Convention
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May 25-September 17. 1787
-55 delegates from 12 states (rhode island refused to participate) -well-educated -members of political elite... 39 served in congress, 8 delagates to state constitutional conventions, 7 had been governors, 34 were lawyers, all were gentlemen and aristocrats -George Washington ws president of convention |
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Erie Canal
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??
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Aaron Burr
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??
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South Carolina Exposition and Protest
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Missouri Compromise
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Tecumseh
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??
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"Corrupt Bargain"
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??
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
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Dem-Rep response to the situation (alien and sedition acts?)
-since a compact between the states created the constitution, they had the right to judge the constitutionality of actions taken by the federal government... declared the acts Null and void... placing themselves firmly in the revolutionary tradition (also laying foundations for states rights advocates) |
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Quasi-War
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-results of the XYZ affair
-treaty of 1789 cancelled by Congress -undeclared naval battles between Frenc privateers and US navy, some issues at first but situation in US hands by 1798 -bigger problems is how to deal with Dem-Rep opposition still in the US |
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XYZ Affair
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-Adams sends ministers to talk to French, waited for months
-adams tells congress of talks impasse asks for more funds for defense spending (why is that money needed they wonder??) -dep-rep in congress don't believe them so they as to see correspondence -adams gives them everything except ministers names... congress is appalled, wave at anti-french feelings across america |
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Jay's Treaty
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1795
-federal foreign policy, negotiated problems with british... forts, debts, caribbean and shipping, seizures/impressments and compensation for slaves -leaves forts in New England, sets up commissions to deal with seizures and debts -no one in the US happy despite remarkable job, especially southern planters -2 treaties redeem US internal integrity... represent the foreign policy soccess that the confederation government could not accomplish |
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Pinckney's Treaty
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1795
-negotiations with spain -spain recognizes border with florida, allows navigation of Mississippi -2 treaties redeem US internal integrity... represent the foreign policy soccess that the confederation government could not accomplish |
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Whiskey Rebellion
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??
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Virginia Plan
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-James Madison, father of the constitution
-systematic preparation for the convention... vices of the political systems of the US -checks and balances needed, benefits of a large government -2 house legislature, lower house elected by the people and upper house elected by the lower house (house of commons and house of lords)... proportional to property or population, congressional veto over state laws -executive elected by congress -national judiciary -granted authority to legislate in areas where states could not act effectively -wanted states to give up substantial power to federal government |
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New Jersey Plan
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-William Patterson
-essentially was amending the articles, augmenting the powers of Congress (trade and taxation), maintain basic sovereigny of the states |
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Federalists
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-party formed by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
-(THE NEW GUYS) -arguing it was true to the doctrine of power to the people and introduced new ideas to the Western Politics -(the new guys that stepped in) -opposed the Dem-Reps and Anti-federalists -only fed president was John Adams -called for a national bank and Jay Treat to build good relations with Britain |
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Anti-Federalists
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-Sam Adams, Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson
-(THE ORIGINAL GUYS) -undermines spirit of 1776, denies poewr to the states, lacks "bill of rights" -believed central government of a nation should be equal or inferior to the state governments -opposed the ratification of the constitution in 1787 -preferred the articles of confederation |
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Democratic Republicans
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-founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
-opposed the Jay Treaty of 1794 -The party insisted on a strict construction of the Constitution, and denounced many of Hamilton's proposals (especially the national bank) as unconstitutional. The party favored states' rights and the primacy of the yeoman farmer over bankers, industrialists, merchants, and other monied interests |
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Revenue Act of 1789
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-(aka the Tariff Act)
-"to lay and collect taxes, duties, imports, and excises" and "to regulate commerce with foreign nations" -imposed a 5-10% import duty on most goods depending on the value of the import... source of revenue, and protecting for burgeoning US manufacturing -(in just a few months, new government had done what confederation could not!) |
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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-defined the jurisdiction of the federal judiciary... 6 members of supreme court, 13 district courts, 3 circuit courts of appeals
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Battle of Fallen Timbers
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??
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Treaty of Greenville
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-1795
-sign away rights to land in modern-day Ohio, up to Chicago and Detroit areas |
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Citzen Genet
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??
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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-1798
-Naturalization Act: residency requirement raised from 5-14 years, all resident aliens had to register with government -All Friends Act: president could deport anyone deemed dangerous to national security -Alien Enemies Act: ability to detain or deport enemy aliens during times of war -Sedition Act: seeking to control both citizens and aliens, outlawed conspiracies to prevent enforcement of federal laws, tried to control speech, 15 people indicted, 10 convicted... most were Dep-Rep newspaper men... Matthew Lyon from vermont |
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Matthew Lyon
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individual involved in the Sedition Act from Vermont
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Midnight judges
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-Adams appoints a number of judges in the final weeks of his administration... including John Marshall as chief justice
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Judiciary Act of 1801
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-created new circuit courts (15 total), broadened juridictions of federal courts
-reduced the supreme courts from 6 to 5 "by attrition" |
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John Marshall
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-one of the number of "midnight judges" appointed during final weekis of Adams administration
-laid foundation of courts eventual independence and federal supremacy -voice of the supreme court |
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Louisiana Purchase
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-Lewis and Clarke expedition may 1804-Sept 23, 1806
-forced Indians west of the mississippi |
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Chesapeake Affair
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June 1807
-british fired on chesapeake when not allowed to board -3 killed, 18 wounded -even on american warship, isn't safe from impressments |
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Embargo Act
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December 1807
-forbade american goods to be exported to any country -domestic response: US exports dropped 80%, smuggling sky-rocketed, federalists outrages, even Republicans uneasy, slight boost to US manufacturing |
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Non-Intercourse Act
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1809
-re-opens trade except with Britain and France -problems of monitoring destinations -both still interfering with US shipping |
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Macon's Bill #2
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1810
-reopens trade to both -first to stop violations, US would ban trade with other... french trick madison, accept but still seize ships -british still get bulk of hostility because size of Navy and history |
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Treaty of Ghent
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December 24, 1814
-status quo antebellum -no satisfaction on seizures, impressments, or blockades -no indian nation or ceding of northern lands |
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Hartford Convention
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-leads to the death of Federalist party
-new england delegates meet in 1814-1815 to discuss pulling out of the union -no resolution, but 26 delegates condemned the war, endorsed radical changes to constitution... spells political death in the patriotic aftermath of the battle of New Orleans |
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John C. Calhoun
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-something about congressional nationalism with Henry Clay
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Henry Clay
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-something about congressional nationalism with John C. Calhoun
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Monroe Doctrine
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-a United States policy that was introduced on December 2, 1823, which stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention
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Andrew Jackson
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??
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Trail of Tears
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??
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Nat Turner's Rebellion
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??
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Tariff of Abominations
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??
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Nullification
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??
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Whig party
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??
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James Madison
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??
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3/5 Compromise
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1787
-compromise between northern and soutern states during Philadelphia convention -slave counts as 3/5 of a regular white man |
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Marbury vs. Madison
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1803
-william marbury sought a wit of mandamus from supreme court -verdict: marbury had the right to his apt. -section of judiciary act of 1789 was unconstitutional, court could not force madison to honor it because the constitution could not give the supreme court power to issue a writ of mandamus -ESTABLISHED JUDICIAL REVIEW |
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Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia
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??
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Worcester vs. Georgia
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??
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McCulloch vs. Maryland
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1819
-maryland imposed a tax on all notes (paper currency) of banks not chartered in maryland -the us bank was the only out-of-state bank then existing in maryland -law is generally recognized as having specifically targed a US bank -supreme court decision: US bank falls under the "necessary and proper" clause... and upholds the supremacy of federal government over states (state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the federal government) |
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Rush-Bagot Treaty
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??
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Adams-Onis Treaty
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??
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