Historical Perspective: Library Of The Past

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profession devoted to applying theory and technology to the creation, selection, organization, management, preservation, dissemination, and utilization of collections of information in all formats

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Librarianship

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•from the latin word liber meaning "book"

•the corresponding term is bibliotheca

•a collection or group of collections books and/or other print or non-print materials

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Library

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• an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and other areas to libraries

• systematic study of analysis

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Library and Information Science

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professional knowledge and skill with which recorded information is selected, acquired, organized, stored, maintain, retrieve, and disseminated to meet the needs of a specific clients

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Library Science

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professionally trained person responsible for the care of a library and its contents and delivery of information, instruction, and loan services to meet the needs of its user

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Librarian

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first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing — the clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in temple rooms in Sumer

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Early Libraries (2600BC - 800 BC)

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form of the book in the ancient Egypt, usually a little more than 12 inches high and about 20 ft.long

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Roll Papyrus

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style of writing of the ancient Egypt and derives from the greek word hieros- sacred/powerful, and glyphikos- carving

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Hieroglyphics

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kind of plant or water plant

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Papyrus

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oldest Egyptian known book which is found in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris

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Prisse Papyrus

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longest Egyptian manuscript in existence more than 130 ft. long

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Harris Papyrus

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smooth slab of dark granite approximately 2.5 ft wide and 3.75 feet high

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Rosetta Stone

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British Physicist and French Egyptologist who subsequently used the stone to decipher the meaning if Egyptian hieroglyphic writing

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Thomas Young and Jean-Franscois Champollion

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• the largest and most significant great library of the ancient world

•functioned as a major center of scholarship from its construction in the 3rd century BC until the roman conquest of Egypt in 30BC

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The library of Alexandria

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• an ancient greek temple

• built by Ptolemy III Eurgetes

• combined aspects of Osiris and Apis in a humanized form

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Serapeum of Alexandria in the Ptolemic Kingdom

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• famous library

• an institution founded by Ptolemy I soter or by his son Ptolemy II Philadeiphus

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Musaeum or Mouseion at Alexandria

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•founded by Eumenes II

• contained 200,000 district volume

• became one of the most important libraries in the ancient period

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Pergamum

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earliest known fragment of a manuscript book which is a tiny pieces of papyrus leaf of the Gosphel according to St. John dated in the first or second half of the 2nd century AD

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Papyrus Rylands

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• roman library by Emperor Trajan

• one of the most prominent and most famous libraries of antiquity

• only roman library to survive until the fall of Rome

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Ulpian Library

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•oldest extant manuscript of antiquity

• written in 759 leaves of vellum in uncial lettters

•dated in paleographically to the 4th century

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Codex Vaticanus of 4th Century

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3 different writing system

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1. Hieroglyphic writing

2. demotic writing

3. Hieratic writing

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system that employs characters in the form of picture

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Hieroglyphic writing

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• ancient Egypt script derived from nothern forms of hieratic used in the Nile Delta

• the stage of the Egyptian language written in the script, following late Egyptian and preceding coptic

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Demotic writing

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cursive writing system used in the provenance of the pharoahs in Egypt. Primarily written in ink with a reed pen on papyrus

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Hieratic writing

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form of books on Ancient Egypt

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Roll

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oldest manuscript in Antiquity

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Codex

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described the style of Sumerian writings

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Cuneiform

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• latin word for wedge

• material use when softclay and wedge-shape stylus of metal ibor or wood

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Cuneus

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trained professional schools to carry and memorized lost of words and names, to compare poetry and to master mathematical problem

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Scribes

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the record poetry of first school, social reform, political, social, and philosophical thinking preserved

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Clay Tablets

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the most important library in Assyria was established

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Nineveh

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mans earliest and greatest system for storing information and trasmitting it from one person to another

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Language

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the second invention means for preservation and transmission of knowledge

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Writing

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3 kinds of writing

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- Pictographic

- Ideographic

- Phonographic

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representing object

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Pictographic

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representing idea suggested in objects

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Ideographic

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representing sounds

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Phonographic

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the key to the system writing to which located on the side of a mountain in Iran written in 3 languages (Persian, Babylonia, Elamite)

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Behistun Inscription

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an epic poem from ancient mesopotamia that is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature

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Epic of Gilgamesh

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has contribution in system of writing; material, form-tablet, script

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Sumerians

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used writing in business transactions and in recording note worthy events

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Babylonia

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the libraries are their contributions in civilization

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Assyria

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found in 1923 in French Archeological on sacrophagus

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Ahiram Inscription

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this monument found in Phoenician in 1868 by missionary in vicinity of Dead sea

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Moabite Inscription

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develop art writing form of Pictographic system to cursive form linear age from century BC to develop the system BC

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Cretans

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earliest book known had been in Colonial America

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Bay Psalm Book

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In the 6th century, at the very close of the classical period, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those of Constantinople and Alexandria

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Monasteries

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• Minister to Theodoric

• established a monastery at vivarium in the heel of the ltaly with a library where he attempted to bring greek learning to latin readers and preserve texts both sacred and secular for future generation

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Cassiodorus

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a manuscript of the gospel produce in the Ireland written in 8th century

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Book of Kells

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• leading the Anglo-saxan mission to the Germaicparts of theFrankish empire during the 8th century

• Most notable english missionary who's greatest monastry was at Filda in Germany

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Saint Boniface

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first Iranians and then Arabs had imported the craft of papermaking from China, with a paper mill already at work in Baghdad in 794

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8th Century

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• Public libraries started to appearin Islamic cities

• "halls of science" or dar al-'ilm

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9th Century

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• Monastry libraries developed, such as the important one at Abbey of Montecassino

• Books were usually chained to the shelves

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Early Middle Ages

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• Papal collections brought together by Pope Nicholas V

• consigned the Bibliotheca Apostalica Vaticana to care of his librarian

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Age of Humanism

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• the first European to use movable type printing machine

• the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type

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Johannes Gutenberg

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evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from text's on stone tables in China during the Han dynasty (206 BC -220 BC)

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Printing in East Asia

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• known as the 42-line Bible

• first major book printed using mass-produced movable metal type in Europe

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The Gutenberg Bible / 42-line Bible 2

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an early printed book, especially one printed before 1501

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Incunabula

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Privately endowed libraries assembled in Rome: the Vallicelliana

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16th - 17th Century

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3 truly public library in Counter-Reformation Rome

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1. Biblioteca Alessandrina

2. Biblioteca Casanatense

3. Biblioteca Corsiniana

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earliest text on operations, establishing a library was published in 1627 by french librarian and scholar Gabriel Naudé

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17th Century

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• french librarian and scholar

• wrote prolifically

-works on many subjects; politics, religion, history, supernatural

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Gabriel Naudé

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2 famous librarian

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Hubert-Pascal Ameilhon and Joseph Van Praet

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french Revolution saw the confiscation in 1709 of church libraries

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18th Century

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wrote the second textbook (the first in german) on the subject from 1808 to 1829

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Martin Schrettinger

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the Jefferson collection provided the start of what became the library of Congress

• devised a classification system inspired by the Baconian method

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Thomas Jefferson

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The first American school of librarianship opened at _____________ under the leadership of Melvil Dewey

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Columbia University

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the growth of digital technology, the field has been greatly influenced by information science concepts on this century

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20th Century

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a gap in person's knowledge

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Information Needs

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•conceived the 5 laws of library science and the development of the first major analytic-sythetic classification system

• the father of library science

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S.R. Ranganathan

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• system of library classification developedby S.R Ranganathan

• the first ever faceted classification

• especially used in India

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Colon Classification (CC)

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The five laws of library science

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1. 1st law: Books are for use

2. 2nd law: Every person his or her book

3. 3rd law: every book its reader

4. 4th law: save the time of reader

5. 5th law: The library is a growing organism

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theory proposed by S.R. Ranganathan in 1931 detailing the principles operating a library system.

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The Five laws of Library Science

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• constitutes the basis for the library science

• books in libraries are not meant to be shut away from its users

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First law: Books are for use

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• every member of the community should be able to abtain materials needed

• should meet the special interests of the community

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Second Law: Every person his or her books

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what law focuses on the item itself suggesting that each item in a library has an individual or individuals who would find that item useful

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Third Law: Every book its reader

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• its ability to meet the needs of the library user efficiently

• should be able to easily locate the material they desire quickly and efficiently

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Fourth Law: Save the time of the reader

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• focuses more on the need for internal change than in changes in the environment itself

• allowing for growth in the physical building, reading areas shelving, and in space for the catalog

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Fifth Law: The library is a growing organism

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• no traces of the existence of libraries

• pre-spanish documents were destroyed by colonizers (assumed)

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Ancient Period before history (pre-1565)

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localized knowledge of reading and writing

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Philippine pre-spanish culture

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only religious books found their way on the islands

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The colonial PH library period (Spanish period)

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private collection by bishop domingo de salazar

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1583

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first printed book in the Philippines

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Doctrina Christiana (1593)

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first typographic press was manufactured in_____

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1604

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free library and reading room has been opened in Manila

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American Period

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American circulation library was created in _____

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1900

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National Library of the Philippines was established in _____

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1901

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establishment of Philippine Library Association(PLA)

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1923

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Organization of the first national convention for libraries, national book week

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1934

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Japanese occupation - most of the libraries were burned

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1941-1945

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foundation of library was forged by ______, ______, ______ in 1914

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Lois Osborn, Mary Polk, and James Robertson

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started a personal campaign that culminated in the establishment of the first PH school library system

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Lois Stewart Osborn

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an understanding and helpful friend of every student in quest of knowledgeable from the books and manuscripts in his care

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Gabriel Bernardo

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period wherein statistical experts found a disorganized library

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Modern Period

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first Filipino printer and known as a patriarch of filipino printers

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Tomas Pinpin

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first book printed by movable type (1602) by Father Francisco Blancas de San Jose

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Libro de Nuestra Senora del Rosario en lengua y letra Filipinas

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4 Scholars to study of University of Wisconsin

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• Gabriel Bernardo

• Eulogio Rodriguez

• Cirilio Perez

• Jose Munda

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establishment of _______________ by Gov. Jose de Baseo y Vargas for free distribution of books and establishment of libraries

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The Sociedad Economica (1781)

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UP-Institute of library science

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1961

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establishment of the association of special libraries of the Philippines (ASLP) by the Interdepartmental Reference Service (IDRS)

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1954

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the Philippines developed library training programs, courses, completed with master's degreee studies abroad, and constituted associations, cooperatives, and regulatory service

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1950 to 1970

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the conference of 1952 proposed a plan for the improvement of library services outlined in a five-stages of draft;

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(1) regular meetings

(2) cooperative organizations and cataloguing

(3) the compilation of a union catalog and a union list

(4) the Publication of a monthly listing of combined acquisitions

(5) cooperation with other government agencies

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In the greek and the romance language, what is the corresponding term for library

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bibliotheca