His 355P Us Since 1941 Exam 1

Front 1

Paul Tibbets

Back 1

Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr. (February 23, 1915 – November 1, 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force, best known for being the pilot of the Enola Gay (named for his mother), the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb in the history of warfare. The bomb, code-named Little Boy, was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.

Front 2

Boh Eng Choi

Back 2

Korean lecturer at UC Berkeley, became a Japanese language instructor for special army training programs. The Korean americans involved in the war effort were continuously mistaken for japanese americans despite their vigor and anger directed at the japanese for their imperialism over korea.

Front 3

General Lee Emmons

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Military governor of Hawaii, Emmons thoroughly resisted Roosevelts attempts at evacuating japanese americans from HI, insisting that the japanese blooded citizens would fights as loyally for america as any other citizen.

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Federal Housing Administration

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the Federal Housing Association was established in 1934. It insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying. The goals of this organization are to improve housing standards and conditions, provide an adequate home financing system through insurance of mortgage loans, and to stabilize the mortgage market. perhaps intentionally, consequences of the FHA's race rating inclusion severely lowered the property value of neighborhoods with blacks, contributing to segregation.

Front 5

Mamie Till

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the mother of Emmett Till, a 14 y.o. boy who was unrighteously murdered in Mississippi, demanded her sons brutally tortured remains be displayed in an open casket, sparking one of the first publicized backlashes of racism, as well as the civil rights movement.

Front 6

Nagasaki

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The second target of the atomic bomb dropping, viewed by many as both brutally unnecessary and necessary.

Front 7

Keith Little

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a navajo code talker, recalling how he was forbidden to speak his language in boarding school and saw his opportunity to speak navajo as a fight for navajo freedom. navajo code became unbreakable, and was known, ironically, as an invaluable product as diversity.

Front 8

Manzanar

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Manzanar is most widely known as the site of one of ten camps where over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II.

Front 9

Curtis Lemay

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Curtis Lemay was a general in the United States Air Force. He is credited with designing and implementing an effective, but also controversial, systematic strategic bombing campaign in the Pacific theater of World War II. During the war, he was known for planning and executing a massive bombing campaign against cities in Japan and a crippling minelaying campaign of Japan's internal waterways. According to Bernstein, the ethics of war drastically changed during WWII, leading to the acceptance of civilian destruction.

Front 10

Musicals on the Marianas

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Front 11

Manhattan Project

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The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II. the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the US Army Corps of Engineers and oppenhiemer

Front 12

Raul Morin

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mexican american, older, had wife and children yet, " Like most of us" i welcomed the call to arms, saw fighting as making them genuine americans.

Front 13

Tom Reddy, Special Services, Marine Corps

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Front 14

Wagner Act

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1930’s legislation pass to protect workers of their rights as employees to organize into unions. It was important because this law applied to every employee that qualified under Social Security Act, however it didn’t apply to farm workers. Emphasized unions and installed during the new deal.

Front 15

Ed Roybal

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Ran for LA City Council chair and narrowly lost. This really disappointed Mexican living in the barrios, who then cooperated with Fred Ross to organize the CSO (Community Service Organization). The CSO listed itself as a non-partisan organization, but was composed of 85% Mexicans.

Front 16

Efficiency

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Video: The new logic of the air war - Robert mcnamara
He applied statistics on the war. - Atomic bomb is the most efficient weapon. it become acceptable to bomb civilians

Front 17

Daniel Inouye

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Japaneese Medal of Honor recipient that later became Senator for Hawaii. served in Europe rather than the pacific

Front 18

Executive Order 9066

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Signed by FDR in 1942, allowed for the internment of Japanese Americans. some 120,000 ethnic Japanese people were held in internment camps for the duration of the war. Americans of Italian and German ancestry were also targeted by these restrictions, including internment. 11,000 people of German ancestry were interned, as were 3,000 people of Italian ancestry, along with some Jewish refugees.

Front 19

Dolores Huerta

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a labor leader and civil rights activist who, along with César Chávez, co-founded the National Farmworkers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers (UFW). Began associating with the CSO in 1955, became a paid legislative advocate for the CSO in Sacramento. Also worked with the AWOC (Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee).

Front 20

Dr. Spock's Baby and Child Care

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1946 book on family dynamics and child care that contributed to the rise in youth culture that sprang up in post-WWII US

Front 21

Robert McNamara

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He applied statistics on the war. - Atomic bomb is the most efficient weapon. McNamara's institution of systems analysis as a basis for making key decisions on force requirements, weapon systems, and other matters occasioned much debate.

Front 22

Bataan

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Contested area in the Philippines during WWII

Front 23

G.I. Bill

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a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I.s). Benefits included low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business or farm, cash payments of tuition and living expenses to attend college, high school or vocational education, as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It was available to every veteran who had been on active duty during the war years for at least ninety days and had not been dishonorably discharged; combat was not required. By the end of the program in 1956, roughly 2.2 million veterans had used the G.I. Bill education benefits in order to attend colleges or universities, and an additional 6.6 million used these benefits for some kind of training program.

Front 24

'Adelaide' Stevenson

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Harvard educated politician and democrat who was elected 31st gov of Illinois, and ran for president against Truman in 1952, and Eisenhower in 1956. The election is more about gender than about political plans.

Front 25

Auschwitz

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a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II. It was the largest of the Nazi concentration camps

Front 26

Incendiary Bombs

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Bombs filled with thermite incendiary pellets used to cover a large area in order to set combustibles on the ground on fire at very high temperatures. Used to destroy numerous Japanese cities during the last several months of World War II. Initially targeted toward military institutions, bombing was turned toward civilian areas. Hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children were burned alive in their homes. This goes against the traditional war, where you weren’t supposed to aim to kill civilians. Moral questions arise as to the necessity of extreme air warfare against civilian urban areas, which are countered with the point that Japanese surrender would not have been accomplished without the extensive incendiary bomb attacks. The reason these raids were so successful was mainly due to Japan's lack of fighter aircraft and equipment. B-29s tended to operate at much higher altitudes than Japanese planes could reach.

Front 27

1941 Atlantic Charter

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drafted in 1941 by the U.S. and Britain, and adopted by the allies the charter outline the goals of the allies for the post-WWII world and included principals such as 1) no territorial aggrandizement, 2)restoration of self government 3) abandonment of use of force 4) disarmament 5)reduction of trade restrictions 6)freedom from fear and want 7) no territorial changes

Front 28

Berlin Blockade

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the blocking of the western allies railways in post-WWII Germany to force the allies into allowing Soviet Russia to provide Berlin with food and supplies thus giving them control over the area (1948-49), first major crisis of the Cold War

Front 29

Eugene Burnett

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Front 30

Kitchen Debates

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this event took place at the NY Fair in 1959. The debate was the culmination of consumerism and anti-communism during the Cold War. President Nixon and Khrushchev from USSR went at it challenging each other on whose kitchen was better; a US kitchen or USSR kitchen. Important because: This technological race between the Soviets and Americans started in the kitchen and points to a bigger paradigm of the everyday ways citizens were battling it out to see who was better.

Front 31

Hate Strikes

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Openings in job opportunity in shipyards and production industries led to minorities taking job that were predominantly taken by white males. Strikes began during WW2 across several because white workers refused to work alongside minority workers and receive similar pay. This forced CIO union labor groups to face racial divides head-on, through the use of government enforcement (i.e. The Fair Employment Practices Commission). This in effect caused minorities to take less desirable jobs, at lower wages.

Front 32

Taft-Hartley Act

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1947 act designed to keep unions from using unfair labor practices like secondary boycotts

Front 33

Truman Doctrine

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In a speech made by Truman in 1947 he said, “to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” He committed to helping Greece and Turkey so they wouldn’t fall into the soviet sphere of influence. This is believed by many to be the start of the cold war. It was the basis of cold war “containment” policy, which focused on preventing the spread of communism.

Front 34

Jet

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Front 35

Nikolai Kruschev

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Front 36

FEPC

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Executive Order issued by Roosevelt in 1941 that barred companies with government contracts from discriminating on the basis of race or religion. It intervened in discrimination in the private sector in the North, however, FEPC didn’t challenge segregation occurring in the South. FEPC feared hate strikes by white workers. It was finally enacted officially into law in 1950. This was important because it gave minorities the right to obtain better jobs with higher wages, despite the white male veterans returning after World War II.

Front 37

U.S. v. Bhagat Singh Thind

Back 37

Case between Thind and the Court
-Thind argued that because Indians from Southeast Asia were from the Aryan race, they were Caucasian.
-The Court’s response: “Caucasian” is defined by the common man. Basically, Thind got his citizenship revoked and lost the case. This led to the loss of citizenship for many other minorities during the time, as the case stated “white” to be a more than scientific term or a color, it was a lifestyle that defined the American way of life.

Front 38

Stop, Drop, and Cover

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Gov’t film shorts to drill American citizens; shown and demonstrated in Atomic Cafe. Where students in school dove under their desks; kids on bikes dove to the curb; teenagers on a date or a family on a picnic dove for cover: covered their heads and pulled table- cloths over their heads when they saw the “flash”, in order to protect themselves when the bomb (ostensibly Russian) hit nearby.

Front 39

Brown v. Board of Education

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Separate but not equal schooling provided for people of color

Front 40

Deacons of Defense

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Front 41

Fallout Shelters

Back 41

Became all the rage during the cold war with Russia. The entire world stood on the brink of nuclear war, and these fallout shelters were supposed to protect people from a nuclear attack. These fallout shelters (bunkers) were built under/next to their homes or were even located throughout a city, on city blocks, downtown, where citizens could run (down into) in the event of a nuclear blast. Homeowners would have them stocked with foods, radio, etc., for several days. Shown heavily in Atomic Cafe.

Front 42

Levitton

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Neighborhood in 1950s. made to be an affordable suburb for white flight, once racial agendas were removed from FHA ratings, blacks moved in an the value depreciated drastically, whites left and blacks came.

Front 43

Lonely Crowd

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1950s sociological analysis of society and its evolutions that puts the members of society in 1 of 3 categories: tradition-directed, inner-directed, other directed

Front 44

Yalta Conference

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The Post-World War two meeting occurred to determine the fate of Germany

Front 45

Section 8

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