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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was Otto Von Bismarck?
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He was the man responsible for putting Germany together. He was the Chancellar of Prussia/Germany.
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What was Otto Von Bismarck's goal?
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He set out to isolate France diplomatically (after all had just gotten out of Franco-Prussian War). Formed Triple Alliance with Austria and Italy. He also signs a treaty with Russia and increases his close ties with Britain.
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Who was the Kaiser "in charge" of Bismarck?
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Kaiser Wilhelm I was in charge of Germany. He allowed Bismarck to do whatever he wanted. When he died Kaiser Wilhelm II took over and Bismarck later resigns in 1890.
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What 5 causes set the stage for WWI?
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Imperialism, France & Germany Moroccan Crisus, Nationalsim, Militarism and Glorification of War and Alliance System
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Why did Bismarck resign when Wilhelm II came to the throne?
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Wilhelm II was a devine rights monarch and limited Bismarck's power as Chancellar.
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What was a direct cause of World War I?
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In 1908 the Bosnian Crisus occured. Austria then attacks Serbia being backed by Germany. When Austrian Heir to throne is killed by a radical Serbian group, the Russians have no choice but to back up their ally. The Russians formed a line at both Austrian and German borders. This upset the Germans who declared War on Russia.
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Who were the Central Powers in WWI?
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Germany, Austria and Italy
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Who were the Ally Powers in WWI?
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Britain, France, Russia, Serbia and Japan
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Who had the advantage in the War?
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The longer the war goes on, the more the advantage will shift to the allies. The Central Powers need a short war. The Allies know they need to hang in their to win.
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What was a direct cause of World War I?
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In 1908 the Bosnian Crisus occured. Austria then attacks Serbia being backed by Germany. When Austrian Heir to throne is killed by a radical Serbian group, the Russians have no choice but to back up their ally. The Russians formed a line at both Austrian and German borders. This upset the Germans who declared War on Russia.
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Who were the Central Powers in WWI?
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Germany, Austria and Italy
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Who were the Ally Powers in WWI?
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Britain, France, Russia, Serbia and Japan
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Who had the advantage in the War?
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The longer the war goes on, the more the advantage will shift to the allies. The Central Powers need a short war. The Allies know they need to hang in their to win.
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Who was Erich Ludendorff?
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He was the Chief of Staff on the Eastern Front. He displayed good organization and planning skills but lacked leadership abilities.
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Who was Paul von Hindenburg?
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He was a Field General on the Eastern Front. He was 67 at the start of the War.
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How was the City of Verdun important to WWI?
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The city juts out into German lines and Germany knew if they took the city they would have a straight shot to Paris. The Battle of Verdun took place in 1916 and in the end 60,000 casualties caused the line to be moved slightly.
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How did the British aid the French at the Battle of Verdun?
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They tried to relieve pressure there by attacking along the Somme River in 1916.
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What was the final straw for the Americans entering WWI?
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The Zimmerman Telegram was supposedly sent from Germany to the Mexican government. It basically encouraged Mexico to go to War with the US. This strained our relationships and in the hands of the American Public, anti-German feelings were created.
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What are some other things that pushed the Americans into WWI?
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The French had aided us in the American Revolution. We were originally a British Colony. British propaganda filled US newspapers. A German victory would have hurt the US economy.
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How did the Americans help in WWI?
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We entered the War late and sent troops to Europe. However, we needed time to build up our factories and make preparations.
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Why was the U-boat important in WWI?
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The U boat was the biggest ship out there. It could take on anything. Germany was trying to build U-boats to take out the British Navy. For the US, the German sinking of the Lusitania was another excuse to get involved. American citizens were killed on that boat.
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What was the Brest-Litousk Treaty?
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It basically got Russia out of the War. They gave up 1 million square miles of territory along with 62 million people.
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What were some immediate results of the end of WWI?
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Kaiser Wilhelm II will step down. Austria’s King steps down. The Casualties totaled over 10 million. There were serious economic problems. Everyone was in a huge amount of debt. Much of the industry was destroyed especially in France and Germany. There was a change in the Psychological State of the West. The Veterans suffered PTS. The Bolshevik government in Russia emerges as a major psychological factor. The US emerges as a major power for the first time and as a major creditor nation. Women gained an advantage in the work force. 5 Empires were destroyed or damaged including: Germany, Austria, Turkey, Britain and France.
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What was the purpose of the Paris Peace Conference?
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In 1919 the major powers got together to discuss their options and how to keep the peace.
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Who represented the US in the Paris Peace Conference?
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Woodrow Wilson. He wanted things done his way. His main concern was forming the League of Nations.
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Who represented France in the Paris Peace Conference?
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George Clemenceau. He wanted Germany to be punished for their crimes; but not too harsh.
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Who represented Italy in the Paris Peace Conference?
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Vitario Orlando. He wanted the land that Italy was promised for joining the War.
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Who represented Britain in the Paris Peace Conference?
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David Lloyd George. He wanted Germany punished very harshly. They could be blown off the planet for all he cared.
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What did the nations settle on at the Paris Peace Conference?
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They formed the Versailles Treaty. Everyone hated it; but it was imposed on Germany. Alsace-Lorrahe goes back to France. The Rhineland was demilitarized. The German army was limited to 100,000 long term volunteers. They were allowed a small navy, but with no submarines. No airplanes were allowed in Germany at all. Germany has to become a democracy.
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The Versailles Treaty also included what that the Germans were most furious about?
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They had to sign a War Guilt Clause/Article 231. This basically admitted that Germany was at fault for starting WWI and they were wrong for doing it.
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What was the Treaty of St. Germain?
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This recognizes what has happened. It gives land to Poland and Italy (but nowhere near what it was promised). The Allies also meet with Bulgaria, Turkey and Hungary to take land away.
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How the DUMA form and what does it do in WWI?
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In 1905 there was a revolution in Russia that failed. Czar Nicholas the II creates a new parliament called the DUMA to please the people. It represents everyone including pheasants but it has no power. The Russian Government and Military are totally incompetent. In March 1917 a riot breaks out in St. Petersburg and the DUMA force Czar Nicholas II to step down and they take over.
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What do the Bolsheviks do when the DUMA is in power in Russia?
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They take back the government and form a revolution in November 1917. They take control of industry, banking, and utilities. They start to industrialize the country.
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Who were the Bolsheviks led by in the Bolshevik Revolution?
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Vladimir Lenin
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Who follows Lenin as leader of the Soviets?
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Joseph Stalin
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What did the nations settle on at the Paris Peace Conference?
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They formed the Versailles Treaty. Everyone hated it; but it was imposed on Germany. Alsace-Lorrahe goes back to France. The Rhineland was demilitarized. The German army was limited to 100,000 long term volunteers. They were allowed a small navy, but with no submarines. No airplanes were allowed in Germany at all. Germany has to become a democracy.
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The Versailles Treaty also included what that the Germans were most furious about?
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They had to sign a War Guilt Clause/Article 231. This basically admitted that Germany was at fault for starting WWI and they were wrong for doing it.
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What was the Treaty of St. Germain?
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This recognizes what has happened. It gives land to Poland and Italy (but nowhere near what it was promised). The Allies also meet with Bulgaria, Turkey and Hungary to take land away.
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How the DUMA form and what does it do in WWI?
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In 1905 there was a revolution in Russia that failed. Czar Nicholas the II creates a new parliament called the DUMA to please the people. It represents everyone including pheasants but it has no power. The Russian Government and Military are totally incompetent. In March 1917 a riot breaks out in St. Petersburg and the DUMA force Czar Nicholas II to step down and they take over.
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What do the Bolsheviks do when the DUMA is in power in Russia?
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They take back the government and form a revolution in November 1917. They take control of industry, banking, and utilities. They start to industrialize the country.
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What was the period in between the two WW’s known as?
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The Inter War Period during 1919-1939. It was a tense period dominated by Britain and France.
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What was the purpose of the Treaty of Rapallo?
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It basically was between Germany and Russia to allow German pilots to train in the Soviet Union. It was a violation of the Versailles Treaty.
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What is Germany’s government called in the Inter War period?
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The Weimar Regime was Germany’s forced government which came out of the Versailles Treaty. It had 3 major problems. First, Germany had never been a democracy and it was not liked among the people. Second, the constitution looks good, but it just doesn’t work. Third, Germany has to make payments to the allies and couldn’t pay on time.
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Why did French and Belgian troops decide to occupy the Ruhr?
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They wanted to teach Germany a lesson about paying on time. They basically cut right to the source to get their money. The Ruhr held 80% of Germany’s heavy industry.
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What did the occupation of the Ruhr result in for Germany?
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It caused the Rise of Para military groups in Germany (terrorist groups) and caused runaway inflation among the country.
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What happens around the world with the Depression?
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The more industrial a country, the harder the depression is and it affects everyone.
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What type of government does Italy exhibit during the Inter War period?
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A fascist party rises up and Italy becomes a totalitarian government. A fascist party is a nationalistic right wing dictatorship allied with business that regiments or controls society. It has roots in WWI.
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Who rises to power in Italy during the Fascist rule?
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Benito Mussolini takes advantage of the situation. He speaks out against the government and attracts a lot of attention. He united them through nationalism and their hate of communists.
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What does Mussolini form that becomes the Fascist party system in Italy?
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He forms with the veterans of WWI Fascist Combat Squads which take to the streets and beat up lower class strikers.
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What was the biggest and most important March of the Fascist Party?
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They marched on Rome with 50,000 marchers and petitioned with the government to make changes. The Prime minister then resigns and Mussolini is asked to become the Prime Minister.
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How does Mussolini increase his power in the government?
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He takes the title of Duce. This was prime minister and party leader. He improves the education system, stabilizes the economy, ends conflict with the Catholic Church, improves things for workers through building projects and takes over small territories.
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When Lenin died in the Soviet Union who were the best men for the job?
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Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky
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How does Joseph Stalin beat Trotsky out in the competition for taking over the Soviet Union?
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Trotsky was sick the day of Lenin’s funeral. Stalin gives the speech instead and Trotsky slowly lost his positions of power. Stalin then kicks Trotsky out of the country.
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The first five year plan proposed by Stalin was intended to what?
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Make the Soviet Union very industrialized, collect pheasants on commune like farms, endoctrinize kids, and suppress religion.
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The second five year plan proposed by Stalin was intended to what?
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Purge Stalin’s party of any competition Stalin thought he might have. The Great Purges intimidated 10s of 1000s of people into confessing for crimes they did not commit to protect the welfare of their families. This almost immediately led to death or labor camps. It also purged the military, brought back top diplomats into the country and caused a purge of politicians and elected officials.
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What does Nazi stand for in the Nazi Party?
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National Socialist German Workers Party
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What was the Nazi party?
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It was a separist group in Bavaria led by Adolf Hitler.
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What happened in the Nazi Party’s first attempt to take control of the government?
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They are slaughtered miserably. Hitler is shot and Ludendorff gets shot as well. The Nazi leaders were put on trial and Hitler receives national attention. He is given an 8 month sentence and the attention grows the party.
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As the Nazi party grew what happened to the Reichstag?
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The Party won 107 seats in the Reichstag which was like the Parliament and eventually a majority vote.
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What does Hindenburg decide to do because of Hitler’s popularity?
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He asks him to become Chancellor of Germany.
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How does Hitler first get enough popularity to start the Nazi Party?
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He uses a man named Hermann Goering who was a fighter pilot from Germany in WWI. He also befriends a journalist named Joseph Goebbels.
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While Hitler was in jail he spent his time writing what?
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Mein Kampf. (My Struggle) It was Bible of the Nazi Movement and very clear on the goals of the Party.
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What happens when there is a fire at Reichstag?
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He used the incident to crack down on Communists. He also encouraged the Reichstag to give him rule by decree.
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What does the Gleichschaltung program initiated by Hitler do?
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It eliminates all other political parties, purges the civil service of anti-Nazi people, gives Joseph Goebbels control of the media, changes the educational system to indoctrinate children, eliminates any labor unions and initiated a strength through joy program instead, limits the authority of the Catholic church, changes the local and state governments and purges the Nazi Party itself.
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When Hindenburg dies, what other titles does Hitler take?
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He takes President as well as Fuhrer which means leader of country.
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How did the Nuremburg Laws affect the Jewish population?
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They were not allowed to intermarry, any such marriages were null and void, and all Jews were kicked out of the government and most professions.
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What other policies did Hitler exhibit on the Jews?
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Jews had to adopt an official Jewish last name and carry an ID card followed by a yellow star.
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Who was the German air chief appointed by Herman Goering?
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Luft Waffe
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What happens when Italy tries to incorporate Ethiopia into its territory?
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It loses badly and it’s a huge embarrassment for the Italians. When they try again the League of Nations for help and the place economic sanctions on Italy. The Italians still manage this time to take Ethiopia.
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What happens when Hitler orders the military into the Rhineland?
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Nothing. Everyone else is either too busy or doesn’t care. If Hitler had met any force, he would have ordered his soldiers to pull out.
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What were the French busy doing when Hitler invaded the Rhineland?
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They were constructing the Maginot Line in preparation for trench warfare along the German and French border.
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What happens when a civil war breaks out in Spain?
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A fascist party takes over and in the short run Hitler thinks he has a new friend. This war allows Germany, the Soviet Union and Italy to test their new equipment.
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Who offered to mediate a dispute between Germany and Czech during WWII?
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Neville Chamberlain, the Prime minister for Britain.
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What happens when Chamberlain tries to go up against Hitler in the Munich Conference?
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Hitler bullies Chamberlain into persuading Czech to surrender.
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What were some of the causes of WWII?
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Mussolini and the Italians felt cheated coming out of WWI. Germany did have a real need for raw materials and space and felt that they deserved a better place. Hitler is obviously a big cause of the war.
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Who was the prime minister of Britain that is the key to their survival in WWII?
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Winston Churchill
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Who were the Axis Powers?
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Germany, Italy and Japan were main powers. Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania also joined later.
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Who were the Allied Powers?
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Britain, France, the US and the Soviet Union were the main powers.
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What was Japan’s part in WWII?
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They attacked a US fleet at Pearl Harbor and was the last straw in the US becoming involved in the War. The US had been freezing Japanese assets already and our relationship was tense.
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What was decided at the Yalta Conference?
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That Germany was to be divided into 4 zones of occupation. It setup a new international organization that becomes the United Nations. It agreed after Germany’s defeat Russia would join the Japanese War.
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What was the Holocaust?
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The Holocaust was the slaughtering of millions of people carried out in concentration camps across Europe. These killings were carried out by normal civil servants who claim they were doing their job.
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What is the United Nations composed of?
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The largest part consists of a General Assembly and everyone who is a member as a seat and a vote. However, the power of the UN is in its security council which is comprised of 5 permanent members (US, Britain, France, Soviet Union and China) as well as 10 other elected officials.
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What is the function of the UN?
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To maintain international peace and security by investigating disputes between nations and taking military action to maintain order.
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What were the Nuremberg Trials?
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They were trials that put the top 22 remaining Nazi members on trial. They were charged with crimes against humanity and waging war. 12 were sentenced to death, 7 get jail sentences and 3 were let go.
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What was the Holocaust?
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The Holocaust was the slaughtering of millions of people carried out in concentration camps across Europe. These killings were carried out by normal civil servants who claim they were doing their job.
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What is the United Nations composed of?
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The largest part consists of a General Assembly and everyone who is a member as a seat and a vote. However, the power of the UN is in its security council which is comprised of 5 permanent members (US, Britain, France, Soviet Union and China) as well as 10 other elected officials.
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What is the function of the UN?
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To maintain international peace and security by investigating disputes between nations and taking military action to maintain order.
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What were the Nuremberg Trials?
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They were trials that put the top 22 remaining Nazi members on trial. They were charged with crimes against humanity and waging war. 12 were sentenced to death, 7 get jail sentences and 3 were let go.
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