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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3Ps?
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Preliminary Graphics
Production Graphics Promotional Graphics |
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What are preliminary graphics used for
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These are used to plan how graphic design briefs shall be ansered
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What form do preliminary graphics take?
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These are always in the form of quick, freehand sketches
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What are the benefits of using preliminary graphics - thumbnails, rough sketches and illustrations?
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They can be easily and quickly annotated to convey ideas
They are a good way of recording ideas They are quick to produce Sketches are excellent ways to communicate ideas to a client They are produced cheaply - no expense is required for materials |
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What are Production Graphics
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Used to produce the article in question. They must therefore be accurately dimensioned and in proportion.
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What are the benefits of Production Graphics
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Accurate and drawn to scale
They can be easily dimensioned Technical details can be shown using a variety of drawing types Commonly required parts can be added to a library to be easily accessed and re-used. Because international standards are applied they can be used anywhere in the world They can be used in promotional material to illustrate how products are assembled. |
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What is the purposed of Promotional Graphics
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To make the product attractive to the consumer - in short sell the product. Various graphic techniques - both manual and computer based - are applied to achieve this
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What are the benefits of using promotional graphics such as posters, leaflets, web pages, graphs, animations, bill-boards etc.
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Easily understood by people with no technical training
They can show a customer what the finished product will look like Images can be enhanced to make them more attractive to the customer They can be made to look more realistic than production drawings The same product can be styled to appeal to a particular market |
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Who or what is BSI
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BSI or the British Standards Institution is a body which is responsible for a range of standards controlling quality over many different areas of industry and elsewhere.
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Why do we have BSI standards in Graphics?
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BSI standards are to ensure uniformity and consistency across all material, and allow everyone concerned to understand the drawings and their intentions.
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What is Parallel Dimensioning?
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Parallel dimensioning consists of a number of dimension originating (starting from) a datum feature (a common point)
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When should Chain Dimensioning be used?
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Should only be used where the possible accumulation of tolerances does not endanger the function of the part.
This basically means that there is more chance of the final size being too big or too small because each size is measured from the previous one which may be inaccurate |
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What is an advantage of Co-ordinate Dimensioning?
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One advantage is that they simplify the drawing and produce an easier method of locating specific points within a drawing. i.e. the drawing is less "cluttered"
Less space is required to product the drawing |
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Why would you use Tolerances?
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Tolerances are required during the manufacturing process. Anything which is required to fit or interact with another part must be manufactured to set tolerances
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What does the scale of a drawing depend upon?
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The size of the paper being used
The size of the object being drawn The amount of detail required In general scales should allow easy and clear understanding of the object being drawn |
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What is the purpose of the Title Block in drawings?
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This contains information such as drawing name, number, date, tolerances, scale and third angle symbol. This is important as it sets out the standards the drawing uses and ensures there is no ambiguity regarding the information it represents
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What does Scale 5:1 mean?
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five times bigger than the actual size
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What does Scale 1:5 mean?
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fives times smaller than the actual size
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When would you use an "Interrupted view"
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Used to save space. Rather than drawing a long component e.g. a shaft, the interrupted view can represent the complete component by drawing a part of it.
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When would you use a "Half-sectional view"
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Can be used to represent symmetrical parts. You only need to show one half as the sectional view and the other half as an ordinary outside view
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Name some Pictorial Views
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1 point perspective
2 point perspective Planometric views Isometric views Exploded isometric Oblique views |
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What is a Planometric view?
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These views always have a 90 degree corner at their centre, and the other two angles add up to 90 degrees also. They can either be 45 degrees/45 degrees or 30 degrees/60 degrees.
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When would you use a Planometric view?
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Frequently used to show the inside of rooms, but often outside features such as gardens
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What are Isometric views?
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These views have vertical heights and the two horizontal dimensions are angled at 30 degrees. All the sized of the object being drawn remain the same from the orthographic view it is based on. i.e. the height is still the same as are the length and the breadth.
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When would Isometric view be used?
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Frequently used to represent every day objects and engineering/technical parts to make them easier to visualize.
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When would you use an Exploded Isometric view?
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Follows the same rules as Isometric views, but involve 2 or more parts of an Assembly, which have been separated in a linear way. This is known as an exploded view and can be considered to be the opposite of an assembly. - used to show assembly of toys, furniture etc.
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What is a 1 Point Perspective?
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The front of the object is drawn as its true shape (looked at from a 90 degree angle) and its other sides project off to a "vanishing point" on a horizon line.
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What is foreshortening?
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This happens in a 1 Point perspective where the sides that a projected off to a vanishing point have the effect that they are becoming smaller as they are further away. This gives the description of perspective
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What is the difference between a 1 Point Perspective and a 2 Point Perspective?
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1 Point - 1 vanishing point
2 Point - 2 vanishing points 2 Point Perspective is a more realistic view often used in promotional graphics for houses. |
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What do Oblique views show?
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This shows the true shape of the elevation, with the breadths being projected back at 45 degrees and divided by 2.
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When would you use an Oblique view?
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Often used to show circular based objects as the circle remains true, unlike an isometric view where it becomes an ellipse.
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Name some drawing views
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Sectional views
Assembly drawings Auxiliary vies Stepped sections |
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What are sectional views used for
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To show hidden features within the view - often an assembly. They allow various parts and edges to be seen as if the object has been "cut open"
They can either be sectional elevations or sectional plans depending on the view required and are labelled with the letters used by the cutting plane |
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What is an Auxiliary view?
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They enable another direction of view to the component. They are often adopted as a means of inspecting sloping edges as the slope in question is viewed as a True Shape
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What is a stepped section?
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Involves the cutting plane changing direction, instead of being in a continuous vertical or horizontal direction. This enables more complex parts to be sectioned fully, or a portion to be inspected.
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How can the true shape and/or length of an object be seen?
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Only if one looks at the surface at an angle of 90 degrees
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What are the primary colours
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Yellow
Red blue |
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What are secondary colours
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Green
Orange Violet |
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What is a tertiary colour?
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When a secondary colour is mixed with a primary colour
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What is another name for warm colours?
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warm colours such as reds, yellow and oranges are also known as Advancing colours because they appear to be close to the viewer than other colours
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If colours are next to each other on the colour wheel what are they said to be?
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These colours are said to be in harmony. They harmonise with each other. They are harmonious
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If colours are opposite to each other on the colour wheel what are they said to be?
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They are said to be complimentary. They are contrasting colours.
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What are Receding colours
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These are cool colours such as blues, greens and violets. A room painted in these colours would appear cold, but also feel bigger as these colours make the walls look more distand
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What is a tint?
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a lighter tone i.e. a colour mixed with white
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What is a shade?
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a darker tone i.e. a colour mixed with black
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What would be the purposed of using a design element such as a line?
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Can be an important and effective technique to enhance a page. They can be used to connect parts of the layout, create emphasis on certain items and separate parts of the design from others/
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Why would you use circles in a layout
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As most layouts take the form of squares and rectangles, it is effective to use different shapes within the design. The use of circles are useful for bringing contrast to a layout and creating visual interest. This is especially true if the product being advertised has straight edges.
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What benefits do colour combinations have on graphic layouts? |
Provide visual impact Suggest a mood Unify a layout Make a product stand out Connect the product with a target market |
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What is white space |
This refers to a blank area or empty space on a page (it doesn't need to be white!!) |
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Why would you add "white space" to a layout? |
It clams a layout and makes a busy layout seem less busy It can make an item in or neat the white space stand out more - it gives the object emphasis It can give the reader's eyes rest if the layout is busy |
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What does the design element value deal with? |
This deals with the use of colour tones in a layout. Darker tones have a higher value and setting them against light tones makes a graphic display more dramatic |
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What is meant by the design element Mass? |
Mass is size. Mass can be physical and visual. Consider - Function - the size Attraction - the contrast of large and small Organisation - most important should be largest |
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In what two ways can you think of the design element Texture |
Texture can be considered in two ways - Physical or Visual Physical is provided by the smoothness or coarseness of the paper Visual is the patter in images such as the pattern of tree bark in a photograph |
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Name some Design Principles |
Balance Unity, repetition and harmony Alignment Depth Emphasis and dominance Contrast |
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What are some of the uses of 3D Cad within industry? |
Manufacturing Production Drawings 3D Printing Simulation 3D Illustration |
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What are the benefits of DTP to the Graphic Designer |
simple to make modifications and see what it would look like further modifications can be made to customer spec enables designs to be created accurately and quickly design proposals can be sent electronically saves travel costs and environmental impact |
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In DTP what is the term for a vertical line dividing two columns of text? |
Column rule |
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In DTP what is the term for text repeated at the bottom of each page and repeated throughout the document |
Folio/footer |
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In DTP what is the term to describe the size of a font? |
Caption |
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In DTP what is the term used to describe white text on a black background? |
Reverse |
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What 3 factors would influence the scale of a drawing? |
the size of the drawing sheet the size of the object being depicted the degree of detail required |
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What does the BSI convention A/F stand for? |
Across the flats |
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What does the BSI convention R stand for? |
Radius |
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State one advantage of a colour inkjet printer |
cheaper set up costs smaller takes a larger range of printing mediums |
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State one advantage of a colour laserjet printer |
faster sharper text and image usually quieter cheaper for larger runs greater buffer memory |
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What are the non printable guides found in DTP software to allow planning of work called? |
Column Guides |
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What is it called when you trim excess parts of a screen graphic |
To Crop |
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What is colour gradient? |
This is where a colour starts off dark and gradiates to a light colour or from one colour to another |
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What do you call the large starting letter which is bigger than the rest of the text. It normally follows the baseline |
Drop capital |
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What is hairline |
The thinnest possible line |
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What do you call the title or main introductory text in a publication |
Headline |
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What does "Highlight in text" mean? |
This is the method of making the text stand out e.g. colour flash, underlining, bold, italic |
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Name some components of Computer hardware |
Monitor Keyboard Printer CPU |
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What have you got when you have a print out of a drawing? |
A Hard Copy |
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What is meant by the term Kerning? |
This is the removal of excess space between letters to improve the visual impact of text |
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What are the two orientations of paper typically used? |
Portrait Landscape |
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What is meant by the term Margins? |
The unprinted space on the sides, top and bottom of a document |
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What is meant by the term Proof? |
This is a test document used for checking for mistakes prior to publication or to get someone's input |
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What is the purpose of Layering? |
This allows graphics and text to be edited separately. They can be turned off and on to aid clarity. |
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What are some of the disadvantages of CAG |
Overall cost of hardware Cost of software Need to upgrade systems to remain competitive Risk of computer viruses staff training costs Data loss/Security |
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Why is Proportion important in Graphic Design? |
It helps achieve balance and unity in a layout Good proportion is achieved by regulating the size of individual elements |
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What does the design element of a square suggest? |
The square denotes honesty and stability |
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What does the design element of a circle suggest |
The circle suggests infinity, protection and movement |
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What does a Triangle suggest? |
Action but they can also convey either conflict or strength |
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What is meant by the term "Animation"? |
"Bring to Life". This is the manipulation of electronic images by means of a computer to create moving images similar to creating a film |
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What is an Application? |
A word to describe a computer software package which performs a specific task |
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What does Asymmetrical mean? |
Letters or objects set in no apparent order or pattern |
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What is the Banner |
Main headline across the top of a page |
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What is a Box? |
the rectangular box around text or a graphic |
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What is the Baseline? |
The imaginary line that runs along the base of the body of letters in a line of text |
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What is meant by the term Bitmap? |
This describes a computer image made up of screen dots (picels) |
