Health Science Exam 1

Front 1

What is the definition of health?

Back 1

1). The antithesis of sickness
2). Being in good physical shape and able to resist illness

Front 2

When was the World Health Organization established? (WHO)

Back 2

April 7th, 1948

Front 3

What is the definition of wellness?

Back 3

The dynamic, ever-changing process of trying to reach one's potential bases on one's own unique limitations and strengths.

Front 4

Why did life expectancy increase after the 1900's?

Back 4

Penicillin, vaccines, and work place safety.

Front 5

Today, health issues are caused by...

Back 5

Lack of activity, bad nutrition, excessive consumption of alcohol, and tobacco and drug abuse.

Front 6

Define mortality.

Back 6

Mortality is the term used for the number of people who died within a population

Front 7

Define morbidity.

Back 7

Morbidity refers to the state of being diseased or unhealthy within a population.

Front 8

What are the dimensions of health?

Back 8

1). Physical Health
2). Social Health
3). Intellectual Health
4). Emotional Health
5). Spiritual Health
6). Environmental Health

Front 9

Define physical health.

Back 9

Includes body size and shape, susceptibility to disease and disorders, and physical fitness.

Front 10

Define social health.

Back 10

The ability to have a broad social network of friends, The ability to successfully be socially interactive.

Front 11

Define intellectual health.

Back 11

The ability to think clearly, reason, analyze critically, and to use brainpower effectively.

Front 12

Define emotional health.

Back 12

The ability to express emotions when appropriate, and to control when not to.

Front 13

Define spiritual health.

Back 13

Involves having a sense of meaning and purpose in your life. May involve a belief in a supreme being.

Front 14

Define environmental health.

Back 14

Entails understanding how the health of the environments in which you live, work, and play can positively or negatively affect you. The will to work to protect, preserve, and improve environmental conditions for everyone.

Front 15

What is health promotion?

Back 15

The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health.

Front 16

What is a risk behavior?

Back 16

Risk behavior are actions you take that could have a risk of causing harm to you.

(ex: smoking puts you at risk of lung cancer)

Front 17

What is primary prevention?

Back 17

Primary prevention is a method used to prevent someone from getting a disease.

(ex: someone applying sunscreen to prevent skin cancer)

Front 18

What is secondary prevention?

Back 18

Secondary prevention is a method used when someone already has a disease but has caught it in its early stages.

(ex: someone visiting a doctor after they've found a skin growth could be preventing cancer from spreading)

Front 19

What is tertiary prevention?

Back 19

Tertiary prevention is a method used when someone already has a disease and is suffering from symptoms. Goals of tertiary prevention are to slow down the disease, make people healthy again, or to prevent the disease from causing other problems.

Front 20

What is the leading cause of death for young adults?

Back 20

Vehicular accidents, followed by homicide, then suicide.

Front 21

What are realistic goals?

Back 21

na

Front 22

What is prejudice?

Back 22

Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

Front 23

What is self-efficacy?

Back 23

Self-efficacy is the measure of the belief in one's own ability to complete tasks and reach goals.

Front 24

What is learned optimism?

Back 24

Learned optimism is the idea in positive psychology that a talent for joy, like any other, can be cultivated.

Front 25

What interferes with the sleep-wake cycle?

Back 25

Insomnia.

Front 26

What is the most common psychiatric problem in the United States?

Back 26

Anxiety disorders.

Front 27

How do you treat general anxiety disorders?

Back 27

N/A

Front 28

What are panic attacks?

Back 28

A sudden feeling of acute and disabling anxiety.

Front 29

What are phobias?

Back 29

Usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational.

Front 30

If you believe someone is suicidal what should you do?

Back 30

Be supportive and tell an authority figure.

Front 31

What is homeostasis?

Back 31

The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, esp. as maintained by physiological processes.

Front 32

What are stressors?

Back 32

N/A

Front 33

What are type A and B personalities?

Back 33

Ambitious, organized, truthful, impatient, always tries to help others, takes more than they can handle.

Type B is the kind of the opposite. They are lower stress, work at a steady pace, and don't care for competition.

Front 34

How does exercise relieve stress?

Back 34

By releasing endorphins and strengthening the immune system.

Front 35

What is cognitive restructuring?

Back 35

Cognitive restructuring is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts, such as all-or-nothing thinking.

Front 36

What are societal causes of violence?

Back 36

N/A

Front 37

What are primary and reactive aggressions?

Back 37

Primary aggression is goal-directed behavior designed to achieve an objective beyond physical violence. Reactive aggression, on the other hand, is performed in response to provocation. (ex: retaliation)

Front 38

What are the indicators of possible domestic violence?

Back 38

Bruises, facial injuries, tension between couples.

Front 39

Child abusers often also abuse _______.

Back 39

N/A

Front 40

What is the difference between appetite and hunger?

Back 40

Appetite is the want to eat, and hunger is the need to eat.

Front 41

What are calories?

Back 41

A unit of energy where 1 calorie is enough to bring 1 gram of water up 1 Celsius.

Front 42

How much fat is in the typical American diet?

Back 42

35%

Front 43

How is proportionality symbolized in the MyPyramid plan?

Back 43

Proportionality is symbolized by the width of of the food group bands.

Front 44

The best way to obtain all of your necessary nutrients is to?

Back 44

na

Front 45

The organ that determines where most of your nutrients are stored is what?

Back 45

Small intestine. (Liver ?)

Front 46

What percent of the human body is water?

Back 46

50-65%

Front 47

What are amino acids?

Back 47

Amino acids are biologically important organic compounds made from amine and carboxylic acid functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid.

Front 48

What is the most common simple sugar?

Back 48

Glucose.

Front 49

What is glycogen?

Back 49

A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis.

Front 50

What are tiny bulges in the intestinal wall?

Back 50

Diverticulitis.

Front 51

What are LDL's and HDL's?

Back 51

LDL is Low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol). HDL is high-density lipoprotein (good cholesterol).

Front 52

What happens when polyunsaturated fats are hydrogenated?

Back 52

They become saturated fats.

Front 53

Why are these fats hydrogenated?

Back 53

Because they are cheaper to produce, and have longer shelf lives than unsaturated fats.

Front 54

What is folate and why is it important?

Back 54

Folate is a B vitamin that is important because it is essential for cell growth and reproduction.

Front 55

What percentages of Americans are overweight?

Back 55

69%

Front 56

What is obesity? What does it put a person at risk for? Is there a genetic component to obesity?

Back 56

Having a BMI above 30, bigger than overweight. Diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. Yes.

Front 57

People 20-30% overweight are considered where on the obesity continuum?

Back 57

Obese.

Front 58

BMI or body mass index is what?

Back 58

A number calculated by a person's weight and height.

Front 59

If your parents are obese what percentage of their children will be?

Back 59

50%

Front 60

The best way to see how much body fat a person has is by using which method?

Back 60

na

Front 61

What is leptin?

Back 61

A protein produced by fatty tissue and believed to regulate fat storage in the body.

Front 62

What does basal metabolic rate measure?

Back 62

The number of calories the body uses while he is at rest.

Front 63

What is the set point theory?

Back 63

The theory that each person has an individual thermostat governing how much food they want to eat and how much fat they will store from food intake.

Front 64

To burn one pound of fat you need to expend how many calories?

Back 64

3,500 calories.

Front 65

What types of disorder eating are there?

Back 65

na

Front 66

What is ketosis?

Back 66

A condition characterized by raised levels of ketone bodies in the body.

Front 67

What are the components of physical fitness?

Back 67

Cardiovascular endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

Front 68

Why is regular aerobic exercise important? What happens to white blood cells after exercise?

Back 68

Because it reduces heart disease. After exercise, white blood cells and antibodies flow through the body more quickly, allowing for better prevention of illness.

Front 69

Describe the force of blood against blood vessel walls.

Back 69

Blood pressure.

Front 70

What is aerobic capacity?

Back 70

The maximum capacity of an individual's body to transport and use oxygen during incremental exercise.

Front 71

The amount of force a muscle is capable of exerting is called what?

Back 71

Muscle strength

Front 72

What is the overload principle?

Back 72

Applying a greater load than normal to a muscle to increase its capability.

Front 73

Why should you vary your exercise programs?

Back 73

Because the body becomes used to certain exercises and begins to plateau progress. By varying exercises, your body never gets used to it.

Front 74

Exercise burns off chemicals produced by what in the body?

Back 74

Endorphin.