Health Assessment Week 4

Front 1

Where are Montgomery's glands located

Back 1

Areola

Front 2

Premature Thelarche

Back 2

Early development of the breasts before puberty without signs of hormone use such as pubic hair or menses

Front 3

Peau d’orange

Back 3

Lymphatic obstruction in the breasts cause edema and exaggeration of the hair follicles, giving a pigskin or orange peal appearance

Front 4

Cooper's ligament

Back 4

suspensory ligaments that support breast tissue

Front 5

Location of tail of Spence and reason for checking it

Back 5

Upper lateral quadrant of breasts. It is a common site for breast cancer to development

Front 6

Mastalgia

Back 6

Pain in the breast

Front 7

Mastitis

Back 7

Inflammatory mass in breast accompanied by flu-like sx

Front 8

gynecomastia

Back 8

Presence of a bilateral, tender, firm mass under nipple area in males. Caused by more estrogen than testosterone. In pts with Cushing syndrome it is caused by inability to metabolize estrogens

Front 9

Mammary duct ectasia

Back 9

occurs in perimenopausal patients who have lactated. Can be purulent and take on different colors or consistencies

Front 10

Skin tether in breast

Back 10

underlying crater below the nipple. Caused by fibrosis pulling the nipple inward. Recent retraction could indicate breast cancer

Front 11

In a lactating female, what could the presence of a tender and red spot indicate

Back 11

Presence of a plugged duct

Front 12

Best time to perform breast self-examination

Back 12

On days 4-7 of menstrual cycle, breasts are smallest at this time.

Front 13

fibroadenoma

Back 13

Benign tumor that is usually self-detected in late adolescence. It is a freely moveable solitary mass. It feels firm and elastic. Cancerous tumors solid, hard, and dense with irregular borders

Front 14

kyphosis

Back 14

humpback - bend in T spine

Front 15

Differences between L and R lung

Back 15

R has 3 lobes and is shorter because of the presence of the liver. Left long is narrower because of the presence of the heart

Front 16

Where is the highest point of the lung found for auscultation

Back 16

3-4 cm above clavicles on anterior side

Front 17

How deep can chest percussion penetrate

Back 17

5-7 cm

Front 18

Order when auscultating pt breath sounds

Back 18

Start at apices above clavicles and switch back and forth between lungs. Auscultate down to the 6th rib

Front 19

Tactile fremitus

Back 19

tremulous vibration of the chest wall during speaking that is palpable on physical examination

Front 20

Pleural effusion

Back 20

A buildup of fluids in pleural space between lungs and chest. Can cause partial collapse of a lung

Front 21

Grade of a loud murmur with a palpable thrill

Back 21

4/6

Front 22

chordae tendineae

Back 22

Collangeous fibers that attach to the thin leaflets of the valves. The tricuspid and bicuspid valves are anchored to the papillary muscles in the floor of the ventricles by the chordae tendineae.

Front 23

Location of heart

Back 23

Between the second and the fifth intercostal spaces from the right edge of the sternum to the left midclavicular line

Front 24

Four heart sounds

Back 24

S1: closure of AV valves, beginning of systole

S2: closure of semilunar valves, end of systole

S3: filling of ventricles with blood

S4: end of diastole, atria contract

Front 25

Location to auscultate mitral valve

Back 25

fifth L intercostal space at midclavicular line

Front 26

Auscultate tricuspid valve

Back 26

lower left sternal border

Front 27

Pulmonic valve location to auscultate

Back 27

second L intercostal space

Front 28

Auscultate aortic valve

Back 28

second R intercostal space

(remember that the noise is influenced by the direction of blood travel and not necessarily anatomical position)

Front 29

Pericardial friction rub

Back 29

Caused by inflammation of the pericardium. Sounds like sand paper being rubbed together. Use diaphragm to hear this high pitched noise

Front 30

P-wave

Back 30

represents depolarization of the atria

Front 31

QRS complex

Back 31

simultaneous activation of L and R ventricles

Front 32

T wave

Back 32

Ventricular repolarization

Front 33

dextrocardia

Back 33

rare condition where heart is on the R side

Front 34

Coarctation of the aorta

Back 34

congenital condition where descending aorta is narrowed that results in diminished blood flow to lower extremities

Front 35

Cholecystitis

Back 35

Inflammation of gallbladder due to the accumulation of bile. Pain is felt in R upper abdomen and radiates to the R shoulder

Front 36

Sinus arrhythmia

Back 36

pulse rate that varies with respiration. Normally in children

Front 37

Atherosclerosis

Back 37

Plaque buildup in arteries, this could lead to a bruit being heard because of turbulent flow

Front 38

Indicated by pathological S3

Back 38

Decreased ventricular compliance. May be earliest sign of heart failure

Front 39

Thrill

Back 39

a vibration of the chest felt with palpation. It signifies turbulent flow