Health Assessment Week 9

Front 1

parotid gland

Back 1

in the cheeks over the mandible, anterior to and below the ear. They are the largest of the salivary glands but are not normally palpable

Front 2

submandibular glands

Back 2

beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw

Front 3

sublingual glands

Back 3

lie in the floor of the mouth

Front 4

temporal artery

Back 4

lies superior to the temporalis muscle, and its pulsation is palpable anterior to the ear

Front 5

Names and locations of the lymph nodes of the neck

Back 5

Preauricular:in front of the ear

Posterior auricular (mastoid):superficial to the mastoid process

Occipital: base of the skull

Submental: midline, behind the tipof the mandible

Submandibular: halfway between theangle and the tip of the mandible

Jugulodigastric: under the angle ofthe mandible

Superficial cervical: overlying the sternomastoid muscle

Deep cervical: deep under the sternomastoid muscle

Posterior cervical: in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle

Supraclavicular: just above and behind the clavicle, at the sternomastoid musclea

Front 6

Lymphadenopathy

Back 6

enlargement of the lymph nodes (>1 cm), caused by infection, allergy, or neoplasm

Front 7

Limbus

Back 7

border between the cornea and sclera

Front 8

canthus

Back 8

the corner of the eye, the angle where the lidsmeet

Front 9

caruncle

Back 9

a small fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands and is located at the inner canthus

Front 10

tarsa plate

Back 10

strip of connective tissue, gives shape to the upper lid

Front 11

meibomian glands

Back 11

within tarsal plate, which are modified sebaceous glands that secretean oily lubrication material onto the lids

Front 12

conjunctiva

Back 12

a thin mucous membrane, is the transparent protective covering of the exposed part of the eye

Front 13

lacrimal apparatus

Back 13

Constant irrigation

Front 14

puncta

Back 14

tears drain into this, located on the upper and lower lids at the innercanthus

Front 15

Six muscles attached to the eyeball

Back 15

the superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus muscles and the superior and inferior oblique muscles. These muscles direct the movement of the eye and are stimulated by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI.

Front 16

sclera

Back 16

is a tough protective white covering that is continuous anteriorly with the smooth transparent cornea

Front 17

cornea

Back 17

(part of the refracting media of the eye) coversthe iris and pupil. (Touching the cornea with a wisp of cotton stimulates ablink referred to as the corneal reflex; cranial nerves V and VII innervatethis reflex.)

Front 18

choroid

Back 18

- in middle layer

-which has dark pigmentation to prevent lightfrom reflecting internally and which is highly vascular to deliver blood to theretina. The choroid is continuous with the ciliary body and the iris.

Front 19

lens

Back 19

divides the eye into the anterior and posterior segments, is a transparent structure located behind the pupil. The lens keeps viewed objects in continuous focus on the retina

Front 20

retina

Back 20

- inner layer

-the visual receptive layer of the eye. In the retina, light waves are changed into nerve impulses.

Front 21

ciliary body

Back 21

controls the thickness of the lens

Front 22

iris

Back 22

serves as a diaphragm , varying the opening at its centre

Front 23

pupil

Back 23

controls the amount of light admitted onto theretina. The muscle fibres of the iris contract and dilate the pupil.

Front 24

pupillary light reflex

Back 24

normal constriction of the pupils when brightlight shines onto the retina

Front 25

Fixation

Back 25

a reflex direction of the eye toward an object that attracts a person’s attention

Front 26

Accommodation

Back 26

the adjustment of the eye for seeing objects close (near vision) and is accomplished by the ciliary muscle

Front 27

Cataract

Back 27

lens opacity

Front 28

Glaucoma

Back 28

increased ocular pressure

--> Glaucoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness

Front 29

PERRLA

Back 29

pupils equal, round, react to light, and accommodation

Front 30

externalear (auricle or pinna)

Back 30

-has six anatomical landmarks: (1) the helix, (2)the antihelix, (3) the external auditory meatus, (4) the tragus, (5) the antitragus, and (6) the lobule

Front 31

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Back 31

separates the external and the middle ear. It is translucent and pearly grey. On inspection with an otoscope, a prominent cone of light is visible (this is the reflection of the otoscope light)

Front 32

malleus

Back 32

pulls at the centre of the ear, causing it to appear oval and slightly concave

Front 33

umbo

Back 33

(almost in the centre, the most depressed point) is the location of the attachment of the first ossicle; the pars flaccid is the small, slack, and superior section of the membrane; the remainder of the drum,which is thicker and more taut, is the pars tensa.

Front 34

annulus

Back 34

thickened border

Front 35

middleear

Back 35

conducts sound vibrations from the outer ear tothe central hearing apparatus in the inner ear and protects the inner ear byreducing the amplitude of loud sounds

Front 36

Eustachian tube

Back 36

allows equalization of air pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane.

Front 37

inner ear

Back 37

contains the bony labyrinths, which hold the sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing. Although the inner ear is not accessible to direct examination, its function can be assessed.

Front 38

Hearing loss

Back 38

conductive: involves a mechanical dysfunction of theexternal or middle ear (Cerumen buildup and otosclerosis)

sensorineural: perceptive hearing loss indicates a pathologiccondition of cranial nerve VIII

mixed: hearing loss is the result of both conductiveand sensorineural causes

Front 39

external nose

Back 39

shaped like a triangle and consists of the bridge (or superior part), the free corner(or tip), the nares (the openings at the base of the triangle), the vestibule (the columella inside the two nares that divides the nares and that is continuous inside with the nasal septum),and the ala (the lateral outside wing on each side of the nose).

Front 40

Kiesselbach’s plexus

Back 40

located in the anterior part of the septum,which divides the nasal cavity into two air passages. Kiesselbach’s plexus is the most common site of nosebleeds.

Front 41

superior, middle, and inferior turbinates

Back 41

increase the surface area of the nose so that more blood vessels and mucous membrane are available to warm, humidify, and filter the inhaled air.

Front 42

sinuses

Back 42

drain into the middle meatus, and tears from the nasolacrimal duct drain into the inferior meatus

Front 43

four pairs of sinuses

Back 43

the frontal and maxillary sinuses—are accessible to examination. The ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses are not accessible to examination.

-lighten the weight of the skull bones, serve as resonators for sound production, and provide mucus.

Front 44

oral cavity

Back 44

lips,the insides of both cheeks, the palate (roof of the mouth), the mandible, and the maxilla

Front 45

oropharynx

Back 45

separated from the mouth by a fold of tissue on each side (the anterior tonsillar pillar).

Front 46

tonsils

Back 46

Behindthe folds

Each amass of lymphoid tissue

Front 47

Craniosynostosis

Back 47

marked asymmetry caused by a severe deformity—is caused by premature closure of the sutures, resulting in a long, narrow head.

Front 48

Cephalhematoma

Back 48

Bleeding into the periosteum during birth

Front 49

fetal alcohol syndrome

Back 49

Narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and midfacial hypoplasia are characteristic

Front 50

Kyphosis

Back 50

Common with aging. To compensate, older adults will:extend their heads and jaws forward

Front 51

Aggravating symptoms or triggers of headaches

Back 51

include hormonal fluctuations, certain foods, letdown after stress, changes in sleep pattern, sensory stimuli, and changes in weather or physical activity.

Front 52

Aggravating symptoms or triggers for tension headaches

Back 52

include stress anxiety, depression, and poor posture

Front 53

myxedema

Back 53

A severe deficiency of thyroid hormone leading to nonpitting edema, coarse facial features, dry skin, and dry coarse hair

Front 54

congenital hypothyroidism

Back 54

a thyroid deficiency that occurs at an early age; characteristics include low hairline, hirsute forehead, swollen eyelids, narrow palpebral fissures, widely spaced eyes, depressed nasal bridge, puffy face, thick tongue protruding through an open mouth, and a dull expression.

Front 55

Parkinson's syndrome

Back 55

characterized by a flat, expressionless, or masklike face, a staring gaze, oily skin, and elevated eyebrows

Front 56

scleroderma

Back 56

hard, shiny skin on forehead and cheeks; thin, pursed lips with radial furrowing; absent skinfolds; muscle atrophy on face and neck; and absence of expression.

Front 57

binaural interaction

Back 57

The function at the brain stem level is binaural interaction, which permits locating the direction of a sound in space as well as identifying the sound.

Front 58

recurrent otitis media (OM)

Back 58

A first episode of OM that occurs in the first 3 months of life increases risk of recurrent OM. Recurrent OM is three episodes in past 3 months or four episodes within the past year.

Front 59

Audiometer test

Back 59

provides a precise quantitative measure of hearing

Front 60

position of the tympanic membrane in the neonate

Back 60

The position of the eardrum is more horizontal in the neonate, making it more difficult to see completely and harder to differentiate from the canal wall.

Front 61

fungal infection in the ear

Back 61

Black or white dots

Front 62

scarring from recurrent ear infections

Back 62

tympanic membrane has white, dense areas

Front 63

extraocular muscles

Back 63

The four straight, or rectus extraocular muscles are the superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus muscles. The two slanting, or oblique muscles are the superior and inferior muscles.

Front 64

optic disc

Back 64

the area in which fibres from the retina converge to form the optic nerve

Front 65

optic chiasm

Back 65

location in the brain where optic nerve fibres from the temporal fields of vision cross over

Front 66

Snellen chart

Back 66

the test subject sees the same line of letters at 20 feet that person with normal vision sees at 20 feet. 20/40 visionmeans that the test subject sees at 20 feet what a person with normal vision sees at 40 feet.

Front 67

Horner's syndrome

Back 67

caused by a lesion of the sympathetic nerve. An individual with Horner's syndrome will have a unilateral, small, regular pupil that does react to light and accommodation. There will be unilateral ptosis and absence of sweat on the same side.

Front 68

Presbyopia

Back 68

The lens in an older adult loses elasticity and becomes hard and glasslike; this decreases the lens's ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision

Front 69

nasal mucosa of an individual with rhinitis

Back 69

bright red and swollen

Front 70

Halitosis

Back 70

breathe odour

Front 71

Hyperthyroidism

Back 71

fine tremor when the patient sticks out his or her tongue

Front 72

epistaxis

Back 72

nosebleed

Front 73

On examination of an Aboriginal person's mouth, the examiner notices the presence of a bifid uvula. How should this finding be interpreted?

Back 73

expected variation associated with this individual

Front 74

Saliva

Back 74

moistens and lubricates the food bolus, initiates digestion, and cleans and protects the mucosa

Front 75

Stensen's duct

Back 75

parotid gland's duct that opens into the mouth opposite the second molar