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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is Maya Yang Lin?
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Designer for the Vietnam Veteran Memorial in 1981. Symbolizes as a wound in the earth for the 58,000 victims at the time.
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Territoriality
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The persistent attachment of individuals or people to a specific location or territory.
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Specific study of people's sense of territoriality. Studies the scientific study of the formation and evolution of human customs and beliefs.
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Proxemics
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the study of social and cultural meanings that people give to personal space.
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Territoriality provides three social and cultural means, which are...
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-Regulation of social interaction
-Regulation of access to people and resources -Provision of a focus and symbol of group membership and identity. |
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Topophilia
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"love of place." Describes the emotions and meanings associated with particular places that have me significant to and individual for a reason.
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Derelict Landscapes
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"Landscapes of Despair." Latter Landscapes that have been abandoned, disinvestment, or vandalism.
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Landscape
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Different meanings to different people and can symbolize entire nations or culture.
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Humanistic Approach in Geography
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The idea of people comprehending
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Semiotics
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The practice of writing and reading signs.
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Sacred Spaces
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Areas of the globe recognized by the individuals or groups as worthy of special attention due to special religious events of experiences.
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Hajj
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Most well known pilgrimage that is a once-in-a-lifetime journey of Muslims to Mecca.
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Three factors that influence globalization and place making.
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Mass communication
-global culture in print, music, film, television and the Internet. -Diffused certain values and attitudes toward a wide spectrum of sociocultural issues. (citizenship, human rights and child rearing for example.) -Level of standardization and level of harmonization for trade and labor. Also criminal justice, civil rights, and environmental regulations. |
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Cosmopolianism
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An intellectual and aesthetic openness toward divergent experiences, images, and products from different cultures.
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Digital Divide
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The resistance in some places and regions to the cultural globalization associated with cyber space.
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What regions are high in rates in terms of urbanization?
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Africa and Asia. (peripheral and semi peripheral)
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Urban System
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City system, is any interdependent set of urban settlements within a given region. Ex. we can speak of French, African or global systems.
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Urban Form
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Physical Structure and organization of cities in their land use, layout and built environment.
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Urban ecology
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The social and demographic composition of city districts and neighborhoods.
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Urbanism
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Describes the way of life fostered by urban settings, in which the number, physical density , and variety of people often result in distinctive attitudes, values, and patterns of behavior.
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Gatway Cities
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A link between one country of region and other because of their physical situation.
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Shock City
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A city that is seen at the time as the embodiment of surprising and disturbing changes in economic, social and cultural life.
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Centrality
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The functional dominance of cities within an urban system.
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Primacy
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The population of the largest city in an urban system is disproportionately large in relation to the 2nd-3rd largest cities in that system.
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Squatter settlements
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Residential developments on land that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.
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Overurbanization
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Occurs when cities grow more rapidly than they can sustain jobs and housing.
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Megacities
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Large cities characterized by both primacy and a high degree of centrality within their national economy.
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Informal sector
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An economy involves a wide variety of economic activities whose common feature is that they take place beyond official record and are not subject to formalized systems of regulation or remuneration.
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Counter-urbanization (what occurs)
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Occurs when cities experience a net loss of population to smaller towns and rural areas.
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Rank-size rule
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Functional interdependency between places within urban systems tends to result in a distinctive relationship between the population size of cities and their rank with the overall hierarchy.
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Central place theory
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A central place is a settlement where certain types of products and services are available to consumers. The theory seeks the tendency to have central areas to be organized in hierarchical systems, analyzing the relative size and geographic spacing of towns and cities as a function of consumer behavior.
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Isotropic Surface
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A hypothetical plane, uniform plane: flat, and with no variations in its physical attributes. (Terms of accessibility and land use)
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Congregation
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Territorial and residential clustering of specific groups or subgroups of people, This enables group identity to be consolidated in relation to people and places outside the group.
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Minority groups
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Population or subgroups that are seen - or sees themselves- as somehow different from the general population.
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What are some benefits of congregation???
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-Cultural preservation, religious and cultural practices are maintained and the groups are strengthen.
-Minimizes conflicts and defense against "outsiders". -Gives power to a host society. -Proves mutual support through minority institutions. |
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Segregation
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Combined result of discrimination and congregations, which results in the spatial separation of specific groups within a wider population.
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What are the three principal situations of spatial forms of segregation?
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Enclaves, ghettos, colonies
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Enclaves
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Tendency toward congregation and discrimination that are long standing, dominated by internal cohesion and identity.
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Ghettos
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Long standing but are more of the product of discrimination than congregation. Ex. African Americans and Hispanics in America.
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Colonies
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Result from relatively weak/short lasting congregation, discrimination, or bot. Ex. US cities in the early twentieth century contained distinctive colonies of German, Scandinavian, Irish, and Italian immigrants.
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Zone in transition
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Mixture of growth, change and decline in terms of transportation routes.
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Invasion and succession
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A process of neighborhood change whereby one social or ethnic group succeeds another in a residential area.
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Multiple nuclei model
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Harris and Ullman's model that describes how American cities began to develop an irregular shaped patchwork of land uses across which there is a loose functional order.
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Edge cities
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Decentralized clusters of retailing and office development, often located on an axis with a major airport and other access for transportation.
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Metroburbia
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Residential settings that exists through interspersion with office employments and high-end retailing.
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Gentrification
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Physical renovation and upgrading of housing, but also displaces existing households, which can no longer afford the increased rents that are a consequence of gentrification.
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Fiscal Squeeze
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Occurs when limitations on tax revenues combine with increasing demands for expenditures on urban infrastructure and city services.
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Cycle of poverty
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Involves the transmission of poverty and deprivation from one generation to another through a combination of domestic circumstances and local conditions.
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Redlining
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Involves marking off bad-risk neighborhoods on a city map and then using the map to determine lending policy. (Results in bias towards minorities, females-headed households, and other vulnerable groups)
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Distinctive European features include...
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-Low skylines
-Lively downtown -Neighborhood stability -Municipal socialism |
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Modern Movement
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Based on the idea that buildings and cities should be designed and run like machines.
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Beaux Arts
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Preferred architectural style named after L'Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. This school studies classical, Renaissance, and Baroque styles to create new designs for the industrial age.
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Enderemployment
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Occurs when people work people work less than full-time even though there would prefer to work more hours.
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Dualism (or juxtaposition)
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Geographic space of the formal and informal sectors of the economy.
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Consequences of sprawl and fiscal squeeze
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- Automobile –dependent, generic suburban landscapes
- Inefficient land uses threaten agriculture and ecology - Crumbling infrastructure, declining water quality - Disinvestment in urban housing, education, infrastructure |
