Geology Final 8

Front 1

earth and plantets formed

Back 1

cloud of dust and gas slowly rotated in space

Front 2

meteorites contain

Back 2

clues to earths origin, age and source of water

Front 3

inner planets

Back 3

mercury, venus, earth, mars, small size and high density

Front 4

outer planets

Back 4

jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, large with low density

Front 5

materials comprising earth

Back 5

acquired by accretion of meteorites and cosmic debris

Front 6

earth has two kinds of crust

Back 6

oceanic, mafic composition and continental, felsic in composition

Front 7

early atmosphere

Back 7

no free oxygen

Front 8

water for hydrosphere

Back 8

derived from planets interior by outgassing

Front 9

archean rocks

Back 9

occur in regions of continents called cartoons, consist largely of accreted archean terranes

Front 10

rock associations in archean cratons

Back 10

granulites and greenstones

Front 11

life evolved

Back 11

nonliving organic molecules

Front 12

first forms of life

Back 12

anaerobic, prokaryotic organisms

Front 13

organells

Back 13

represent once independent prokaryotes

Front 14

stromatolites

Back 14

laminated calcareous structures produced by cyanobacteria, most abundant fossil

Front 15

crust formed

Back 15

4000 million years ago

Front 16

solar nebula hypothesis

Back 16

solar systems origin

Front 17

immanuel kant

Back 17

proposed that the solar system distilled from a rotating cloud of dust particles

Front 18

solar nebula

Back 18

solar system distilled from rotating cloud of dust particles and gasses

Front 19

nova

Back 19

cataclysmic explosions

Front 20

accretion

Back 20

process of accumulating bits of matter around initial mass

Front 21

protoplanets

Back 21

growing bodies formed from accreting materials

Front 22

fusion

Back 22

hydrogen fusion released great energy as it converted hydrogen atoms into helium atoms

Front 23

solar wind

Back 23

stream of radiation from the sun

Front 24

meteros

Back 24

interplanetary bits and chunks of space rock that succumb to earths gravity and streak through our atmosphere

Front 25

meteorites

Back 25

meters that survive the heat and reach the ground

Front 26

ordinary chondrites

Back 26

most abundant meteorites and at 4.56 billion years old are clearly archean

Front 27

chondrules

Back 27

solidified molten droplets splashed into space

Front 28

carbonaceous chondrites

Back 28

5% organic compounds, provided much of earths early carbon

Front 29

iron meteorites

Back 29

actually iron nickel

Front 30

stony iron meteorites

Back 30

lest abundant, composed of silicate minerals and iron nickel

Front 31

mercury

Back 31

hot, swift, small, revolved four times faster with thin atmosphere

Front 32

venus

Back 32

nothing could survive, no water, oceans,high carbon dioxide content

Front 33

earth

Back 33

interior dense, water, nitrogen, oxygen

Front 34

moon

Back 34

large relative to earth, same rotation

Front 35

lunar highlands

Back 35

ligher hued graggy and heavily cratered regions of the moon

Front 36

maria

Back 36

dark areas of the moon, form floors of immense basins flooded with basaltic lava

Front 37

mars

Back 37

close enough to sun, water was abundant, less gravity

Front 38

asteroid belt

Back 38

beyond the orbit of mars lies a ring of asteroids numbering in the thousands rock and metals one tenth the size of earth

Front 39

outer planets

Back 39

jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

Front 40

jupiter and saturn

Back 40

giant gas balls, jupiter is largest in system saturn is second. saturn rings of water ice with small amounts of silicates

Front 41

uranus and neptune

Back 41

similiar in size and density. methane and hydrogen.

Front 42

pluto

Back 42

no longer a planet. plutoid-not a planet

Front 43

differentiated

Back 43

three distinct layers, core male and crust

Front 44

partial melting

Back 44

complete melting would have allowed too many volatile gases to escape

Front 45

magma ocean

Back 45

on earths surface as a result of ample heat melting upper mantle

Front 46

komatities

Back 46

rocks formed from cooling magma ocean

Front 47

outgassing

Back 47

process by which water vapor and other gases are released from rocks

Front 48

photochemical dissociation

Back 48

breakup of water molecules into hydrogen during proterozoic time

Front 49

photosynthesis

Back 49

oxygen generating mechanism by splitting carbon dioxide into oxygen

Front 50

banded iron formations

Back 50

oxygen gradually began to appear in earths early atmosphere in these rocks

Front 51

hydrologic cycle

Back 51

recirculation by evaporation and precipitation of water

Front 52

precambrian rocks

Back 52

older than cambrian period and represent an enormous expanse of geologic time

Front 53

archean eon

Back 53

old precambrian time

Front 54

proterozoic

Back 54

young precambrian

Front 55

platforms

Back 55

stable regions where basement shields are blanketed by sedimentary strata

Front 56

felsic

Back 56

continental crust

Front 57

mafic

Back 57

oceanic crust

Front 58

granulite association

Back 58

composed largely of gneisses derived from strongly heated and deformed granitic rocks

Front 59

greenstone association

Back 59

composed of volcanic rocks

Front 60

organelles

Back 60

bodies capable of performing specific functions

Front 61

components of life

Back 61

protein, nucleic acids, organic phosphorus compounds, a container

Front 62

protein

Back 62

strings of comparatively simple organic molecules called amino acids

Front 63

nucleic acids

Back 63

large, complex molecules found in the nuclei of cells

Front 64

organic phosphorus compounds

Back 64

transform light energy or chemical fuel into energy required for cell activities

Front 65

a container

Back 65

cell membrane

Front 66

Miller

Back 66

simulated earths earliest atmosphere

Front 67

hyperthermophiles

Back 67

evidence for such a stygian beginning of life is in the presence of microbes

Front 68

chemosynthesis

Back 68

in the absence of light, organisms derive energy

Front 69

autotrophs

Back 69

manufacture their own food

Front 70

photoautotrophs

Back 70

employ photosynthesis

Front 71

heterotrophs

Back 71

scavenge nutrients in their environmnet

Front 72

aerobic organisms

Back 72

rely on oxygen to lice

Front 73

anaerobic organisms

Back 73

don't need oxygen

Front 74

prokaryotes

Back 74

organisms have genetic material not packaged in nucleus. asexually reproduce

Front 75

eukaryotes

Back 75

definited nucleus and chromosomes

Front 76

earth formed

Back 76

cosmic material in solar nebula

Front 77

differntiation

Back 77

formation of the core mantle and crust, lots of heat required

Front 78

heat required for differntiation

Back 78

resulted from radioactive decay, gravitational compression and intense meteoritic

Front 79

Big bang theory

Back 79

14 GA birth of universe

Front 80

nebula hypothesis

Back 80

5GA birth of solar system

Front 81

Newton

Back 81

born chirsmas, same year galileo died (built telescope)

Front 82

kepler

Back 82

greatest astronomer, 3 planetary motion

Front 83

tell composition of planets

Back 83

absorption pattern generated in infrared part of light spectrum. absorption lines

Front 84

red shift theory

Back 84

galactic bodies are receding away center, viewed towards long wavelength

Front 85

mercury -rocky planet

Back 85

cooked planet, cratered, dead, smallest, no atmosphere, closest to sun

Front 86

venus rocky planet

Back 86

veiled planed, choked in smog and cod, volcatnic terrain

Front 87

earth -rocky planet

Back 87

green, geomagnetic field, protection

Front 88

mars- rocky planet

Back 88

red planet, dusty, cold, no magnetic field, cratered, volcano

Front 89

asteroid belt- rocky planet

Back 89

zone meteors, rocky bodies

Front 90

jupiter- gas planet

Back 90

gaseous giant 16 moons

Front 91

saturn gas planet

Back 91

97 gaseous, rings of ice and rock

Front 92

uranus gas planet

Back 92

ice cliffs, rings, orbits on side

Front 93

neptune gas planet

Back 93

rings

Front 94

kuiper belt

Back 94

many bodies of rock and ice like planets

Front 95

pluto

Back 95

no longer a planet :(

Front 96

oort belt

Back 96

ice space

Front 97

terrestrial planets

Back 97

small, dense, rocky, mercury, venus, earth, mars

Front 98

jovian planets

Back 98

large, low density, gaseous, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

Front 99

first atmosphere on earth

Back 99

lacked oxygen

Front 100

primitive atmosphere of earth

Back 100

associated with comets and meteorites which formed the earth during accretion

Front 101

outgassing

Back 101

most gases reached the earths surface