Geology Final

Front 1

The natural angle of piling of unconsolidated materials that is controlled by the size, shape and moisture content.

Back 1

Angle of repose

Front 2

The internal friction and external support for unconsolidated material defines the.

Back 2

slope strength.

Front 3

A slump consists of...

Back 3

unconsolidated materials that fail along a curved surface.

Front 4

Which of the following is a factor that influences mass wasting.

Back 4

The mineral content of the subsurface.

Front 5

Which of the following is an example of mechanical weathering.

Back 5

Decomposition of organic material to produce natural acid.

Front 6

Rocks that are dislodged from outcrops by frost wedging that accumulate into a steep sloped pile

Back 6

Tallus

Front 7

When water percolates through the soil A
-
horizon, it reacts with CO2 from the decay of organic matter. What forms during th

Back 7

Carbonic acid

Front 8

Pedalfer is a soil that develops in what climate?

Back 8

temperate region

Front 9

slow movement of soil down slope is a form of mass wasting known as..

Back 9

creep.

Front 10

Reaction of c
arbonic acid in groundwater with limestone will result in all of the following except...

Back 10

pressure release fracturing of limestone.

Front 11

Spodosols are soils found in which of the following locations?

Back 11

Adirondack mountains of New York.

Front 12

The aridisol is a soil that is commonly found all of the following places except

A)
Arizona.
B)
Utah
C)
Lebanon.
D)
Yemen.
E)
Nunavut.

Back 12

Nunavut.

Front 13

Prairie Dog lives in what type of soil?

Back 13

mollisols

Front 14

The soil order that covers much of the northern part of South America is.

)
spodosols
B)
aridisols
C)
mollisols
D)
laterite
E)
none of these choices

Back 14

none of these choices

Front 15

Soil order that lacks organic matter and develops in arid regions.

Back 15

aridisols

Front 16

A laterite soil is also known as...

Back 16

oxisols

Front 17

A soil that forms in a semi-arid regions is...

Back 17

pedocal

Front 18

In a pedalfer soil, the C horizon is...

Back 18

zone of accumulation.

Front 19

It is not a good idea to build the road on this hill side

Back 19

ue to slope instability. The slope is undercut, the slope is made of unconsolidated materials and it's clear from G.E. that the slope is already experiencing mass wasting.

Front 20

located on the flank of a cinder cone. Compute the angle of repose for

Back 20

1.3 degrees. Any answer between 1 and 3 was accepted

Front 21

Why did this mud slide occur?

Back 21

Area has little vegetation to hold the soil.
B)
Area could have been undercut by a road half
-
way up the slope.
C)
The sea terrace on which the houses sit has over-steepened the cliff.
all of these

Front 22

Australian desert. soil?

Back 22

climate is arid and the soil is aridosol

Front 23

Which of the following is an important factor in regard to how people interact with Earth.

Back 23

Technology

Front 24

The decline of the Rapa Nui civilization was the result of..

Back 24

over
population
B) deforestation
C) natural resource exploitation
D) civil war
E) all of these choices******

Front 25

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability for future generations
to meet their own needs.” This quote is related to one of the following answers:

Back 25

A) Sustainable pr
oduction
B) Earth in Mind
C) David Orb
D) OPEC
E) None of these choices*****

Front 26

When does “Environmentalism” equal “Sustainability”?

Back 26

Never

Front 27

Extraction, Use and Recycle.

Back 27

Circular model for resource usage

Front 28

Bauxite is mined to produce what metal?

Back 28

Aluminum

Front 29

Which of the following
is not a category of Earth's resources?

Back 29

Weather

Front 30

The scientific methods is the formulation of an hypothesis, developing an experiment to test the hypothesis, hypothesis revision to include the experimental results, then development of a new experiment that
will continue to test the hypothesis.

Back 30

true

Front 31

Industrial development always has positive impact on society

Back 31

False

Front 32

Kuznet curves predict..

Back 32

that industrialization will result in initial environmental degradation, followed by prosperity that leads to
a reduction in the environmental degredation.

Front 33

Industrial development has positive impact on the environment.

Back 33

True

Front 34

Non-renewable energy resource recovery always has serious negative impact on the environment.

Back 34

False

Front 35

Halite is one of the earliest mineral resources mined by humans.

Back 35

True

Front 36

Gold and silver are the first metals used by humans.

Back 36

False

Front 37

Which of the following factors is not used in computing the ESI.

Back 37

Global Climate Change

Front 38

Developing countries overall have lower ESI scores than developed nations.

Back 38

True

Front 39

The average annual ambient SO2 levels in Chinese cities has decreased significantly as the per capita
income has increased over the past two decades.

Back 39

True

Front 40

Since 1965, the world population growth rate has been increasing.

Back 40

False

Front 41

Strategic resources are those resources, such as metals, that have become important to certain key
industry

Back 41

True

Front 42

Surface mining includes...

Back 42

open-pit mining.
strip mining.
quarrying.
removal of overburden to extract ore.

Front 43

A vertical tunnel that is used in subsurface mining.

Back 43

shaft

Front 44

A horizontal tunnel that is used in subsurface mining.

Back 44

adit

Front 45

During mining, the ore is separated from rock. The rock that does not contain economical concentration of
ore is known as.

Back 45

waste rock.

Front 46

Rain is considered to be "Acid Rain" when t
he pH falls below the neutral value of 7.

Back 46

False

Front 47

What is the main cause of the acidic rain in the eastern U.S.?

Back 47

Coal burning in the mid-western states.

Front 48

Where was the oldest mineral grain on Earth found?

Back 48

western Austrailia

Front 49

The mineral that is most commonly used to obtain radiometric ages of rocks.

Back 49

Zircon

Front 50

The Earth’s magnetic field is caused by...

Back 50

convection of molten Fe in the outer core

Front 51

The person credited for the theory of seafloor spreading.

Back 51

Harry Hess

Front 52

Relative dating is...

Back 52

placing geologic events and features in a sequential order of oldest to youngest.

Front 53

Mineral deposits that are associated with fluid that is expelled from magma bodies or where groundwater
is heated by intrusion.

Back 53

Hydrothermal veins

Front 54

The primary source of heat in the crust to produce granite magma is...

Back 54

the result of radioactive decay of potassium, thorium and uranium

Front 55

Coarse grained mineral deposits that concentrate elements at the margins of intrusions.

Back 55

Pegmatites.

Front 56

Melting of continental crust will result in basaltic magma.

Back 56

False

Front 57

Concentration of heavy mineral grains in sedimentary systems such as rivers are known as
_________________ deposits.

Back 57

placer

Front 58

Garnet is a metamorphic mineral, and the largest garnets on Earth are found at Gore Mountain, New
York

Back 58

True

Front 59

Earth’s average geothermal gradient for continental crust increases by what degree Celsius per
kilometer?

Back 59

25

Front 60

Which type of magma has the greatest iron and magnesium content?

Back 60

ultramafic

Front 61

The ocean floor is largely made up of
___________ and the continents are largely made up of
__________.

Back 61

basalt, granite respectively.

Front 62

Diagenesis includes the processes where sediments are converted to sedimentary rock.

Back 62

True

Front 63

It is thought that major sulfide ore deposits are the result of ______________ at mid-ocean ridges.

Back 63

black smokers

Front 64

The rock cycle is an illustration of three different rock types and

Back 64

their environment of formation.

their potential change over time.

their relation to internal and external Earth processes.

Front 65

Which part of the earth does NOT transmit S waves

Back 65

outer core

Front 66

Oceanic crust is mostly what composition?

Back 66

mafic

Front 67

Using the behavior of seismic wave propagation through the earth, scientists were able.

Back 67

to find plate tectonic boundaries.
B)
to determine major discontinuities.
C
)
to explain hot spot volcanism.
D)
to find mantle convection

Front 68

The lithosphere is composed of the...

Back 68

crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.

Front 69

As compared to the asthenosphere, the lithosphere is.

Back 69

hotter and more able
to flow

Front 70

The driving mechanism for plate t
ectonics is thought to be..

Back 70

thermal convection within the earth’s.

Front 71

According to plate tectonic theory...

Back 71

crust is formed along divergent boundaries and consumed along convergent boundaries .

Front 72

The magnetic field of Earth in the geologic past is...

Back 72

known to have experienced numerous polarity reversals, due to remnant magnetization of iron-rich minerals in rocks.

Front 73

The idea that the continents have maintained fixed positions throughout time...

Back 73

was accepted by scientists until the 1960's and was repla
ced by the theory of plate tectonics

Front 74

At a transform plate boundary...

Back 74

crustal blocks slide past one another.

Front 75

Tectonic plates move at rates that are approximately...

Back 75

1 to 15 cm/year.