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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Loose, uncemented geologic material is said to be ________________. liquefied crystallized unconsolidated consolidated |
unconsolidated |
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What is the dominant force that causes mass movement? tidal forceseismic energy gravity wind |
Gravity |
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Which of the following is the most important factor in causing mass movements? temperature pressure water content bulk composition |
water content |
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Which of the following does not promote mass movement? steep slopes forest fires heavy rainfall all of these promote mass wasting |
all of these promote mass wasting |
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The process by which masses of rock and soil move downhill under the influence of gravity is called ______________. landsliding mass wasting hydraulic action solifluction |
mass wasting |
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A hill consisting of loose, dry sand that slopes at the angle of repose and has no vegetation ___________. is stable unless oversteepened by excavation may flow if it becomes saturated with water will be more stable if vegetation takes root on the hill all of these |
all of these |
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Which of the following statements is false? Round debris forms steeper slopes than angular debris Large debris forms steeper slopes than small debris Dry debris forms steeper slopes than water-saturated debris Moist debris forms steeper slopes than dry debris |
Round debris forms steeper slopes than angular debris |
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Which of the following situations is likely to result in mass movements? a steep slope a slope with loose material saturated with water a slope with abundant vegetation a slope consisting of fractured and deformed rock |
a slope with abundant vegetation |
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Which of the following has the steepest angle of repose? fine quartz sand coarse quartz sand angular quartz pebbles all of these have the same angle of repose |
angular quartz pebbles |
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The characteristic slope of a pile of dry sand is called the _____________. angle of repose strike consolidation factor dip |
angle of repose |
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Which of the following factors affects the maximum angle at which a slope of loose material is stable? the amount of moisture the shape of the particles the size of the particles all of these |
all of these |
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Which of the following situations is most likely to undergo mass wasting? a dry, moderate slope of unconsolidated material a wet, moderate slope of unconsolidated material a dry, steep slope of unconsolidated material a wet, steep slope of unconsolidated material |
a wet, steep slope of unconsolidated material |
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Damp sand has a higher angle of repose than dry sand because of ___________________. cementation surface tension partial melting dissoliution |
surface tension |
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As the amount of water in a pile of quartz sand increases, the angle of repose will ____________. increase decrease first increase and then decrease not change |
first increase then decrease |
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Which of the following slopes is least stable? a slope where the sedimentary layers dip parallel to the slope a slope where the sedimentary layers are horizontal a slope where the sedimentary layers dip perpendicular to the slope all of these slopes have the same stability |
a slope where the sedimentary layers dip parallel to the slope |
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How do geologists classify mass movements? by the speed of the mass movement by the nature of the material by the nature of the movement all of these |
all of these |
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The accumulation of rocks at the base of a cliff is called _____________. a dune soil creep an alluvial fan talus |
talus |
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How fast is soil creep? 1 to 10 millimeters per year 1 to 10 meters per year 1 kilometers per hour over 10 kilometers per hour |
1 to 10 millimeters per year |
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During an earthquake, water saturated sand can behave like a liquid, a process called ___________. slurrification unconsolidation liquefaction solifluction |
liquefaction |
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Which of the following movements is the fastest? mudflow debris avalanche soil creep earth flow |
debris avalanche |
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Approximately how many people die in the U.S. each year as a result of landslides? usually none 1 to 10 25 to 50 more than 100 |
25 to 50 |
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Solifluction may occur when ___________. the surface soil freezes while the deeper soil remains unfrozen the surface soil layer thaws while the deeper soil remains frozen the surface soil layer and the deeper soil both freeze the surface soil layer and the deeper soil both thaw |
the surface soil layer thaws while the deeper soil remains frozen |
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___________ only occurs in permafrost regions. Landsliding Soil creep Liquefaction Solifluction |
Solifluction |
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What of the following was not a contributing factor in the 1925 Gros Ventre slide near Jackson Hole, Wyoming? the orientation of the sedimentary layers with respect to the slope undercutting of the slope by construction activities heavy rains and melting snow all of these were contributing factors |
undercutting of the slope by construction activities |
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What was the maximum velocity of the 1925 Gros Ventre landslide in Wyoming? about one mile per hour about ten miles per hour about fifty miles per hour about two hundred miles per hour |
about fifty miles per hour |
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Which of the following reservoirs contain the most available fresh water on Earth? atmosphere biosphere groundwater lakes and rivers |
groundwater |
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How much of the Earth's total water is stored in underground aquifers? less than 1% about 5% about 20% about 50% |
less than 1% |
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What is the process by which water enters the small pore spaces between particles of soil or rock? transpiration infiltration precipitation sublimation |
infiltration |
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California imports most of its water supply. What is most (>80%) of the water used for? agriculture domestic irrigation (lawns) industry municipal drinking water |
agriculture |
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Groundwater represents how much of the world's fresh water? about 1% about 5% about 20% about 50% |
about 20% |
