Geography Unit 2: Tourism (Gcse)

Front 1

describe the contrasting economicimportance of tourism in different parts of the world (6)

Back 1

•There is a noticeable band of countries in most of SouthernAfrica that have the lowest receipts

•many with <250 millionUS$ per year whereas many in Europe earn >5000 millionUS$.

•Knowing how much money is earned is only one part of theexplanation because whilst the UK is in the highest category,it’s only a small percentage of GDP.

•The same amount ofmoney per year will be a much higher percentage in forexample Jamaica.

Front 2

What is stewardship? (2)

Back 2

•Personal responsibility (1)

•for looking after the environment(1)

•No-one damaging (1)

•the present or future environment(1).

Front 3

Outline one positive effect on the economy of tourism these areas (2)

Back 3

•Tourists will spendmoney in the places they visit (1)

•which will have a multipliereffect as it increases locals’ income (1)

•Hotels and safariswill buy food from local farmers (1)

•which increases thefarmers’ income (1)

•A significant amount of the country’sincome comes from tourism (1)

•which they can then use todevelop (1)

Front 4

Suggest either why the National Park to the west of Eastbourne hasgrown as a tourist destination or why Eastbourne has developed as a coastal resort (4)

Back 4

National Park:

•Downland landscape

•rolling hills; viewsfrom cliffs

•famous cliffs – Beachy Head; South Downs WayLDP

Coastal resort:

•attractive coastal scenery of cliffsnearby

•(S / SE facing) beach

• pier.

Front 5

‘Effective management strategies are the key to the continuing prosperity of touristareas in the UK.’

Use a case study of either a UK National Park or a UK coastal resort to explain thisstatement (8)

Back 5

Coastal resort:

•The use of the Tower Ballroom for “Strictly”means that Blackpool has gained advertising and a freshaudience who might not have visited before so a new incomestream is generated.

•Renovating the Midland Hotel inMorecambe to its original art deco state will appeal towealthier tourists and thus help ensure more income isbrought in than might come with lower budget customers.

National Park:

•Careful fencing to limit the size of the car parkat Stanage Plantations in the Peak District means thaterosion is limited and so the area’s beauty is preserved.

•Thiswill mean that people will keep coming to see it and futureincome is therefore more secure.

•Car Park charging alsohelps create a budget for conservation which reinforces thiseffect.

Front 6

State one factor that can reduce visitor numbers to a country (1)

Back 6

•acts of terrorism

•conflict

•decline in quality and attractiveness

•growth of newdestinations instead

•changing fashions in holiday choices

•natural disasters

•bad media coverage

•unfavourable exchangerates

• bad / poor weather okay.

Front 7

Explain the rapid increase in global tourism (3)

Back 7

• rising incomes

•ease of travel

• information about newplaces widely available

•growth in communication and transport

• economic growth in China creates a new middle class (1)

•these people now have disposable income (1)

•which they wantto spend on travelling elsewhere in the world (1).

Front 8

Explain why Bruges has developed as a tourist destination (4)

Back 8

•The drawings on the map e.g. E7 suggest historic buildingswhich people like to see

•There are unusual attractions such asthe Chocolate Museum which will encourage people to go.

•There are a number of activities such as boat trips on the canalwhich appeal to a range of people

Front 9

What is mass tourism? (2)

Back 9

•Organised (1)

•tourism with

•large numbers (1)

•of people all going tothe

•same place / at the same time (1)

Front 10

Describe how the negative effects of masstourism can be reduced (4)

Back 10

•The sign tries to get people to understand the problem.

•Thismeans they will not do things that harm the birds.

•They are notstopping people looking, just stopping them feeding the birds sothey don’t get run over.

•This way tourists aren’t disturbing thenatural environment as much.

Front 11

Use a case study to discuss how well an extreme environment is coping with thedevelopment of a tourist industry (8)

Back 11

•Antarctica

•is coping well with tourism in someways. This is because they have an organisation IAATO(International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators) toregulate activity.

•Controls such as limiting numbers to 500 on aship mean pollution is reduced.

•Also lower numbers mean thatanimals aren’t disturbed as much.

•On the other hand, somedisruption of the penguins still happens so the problem is stillthere.

•Spillages from boats are inevitable and thus pollution stillhappens.

•It will also take a long time to decompose so maybethey aren’t coping so well after all.

Front 12

In which part of the UK is spending by visitors the greatest? (1)

Back 12

London

Front 13

Suggest two ways in which the number of people who visit the UK can be influencedby external factors (4)

Back 13

•fear of terrorism

•worldrecession causing a drop in numbers as people cannot afford tocome

•volcanic ash from Iceland meant no planes landed for aweek.

•variations in the exchangerate

•reduction of political barriers.

Front 14

Explain how mass tourism contributes to the economy of a country (4)

Back 14

• Tourism accounts for 15% of Kenya’s economy this is quite a largepercentage.

•The money made can be used to develop the countrysuch as building roads.

•Tourists also create a market for localhandicrafts such as Masai bracelets which can keep people in work.

•The money brought in is foreign currency such as dollars which hasmore value than Kenyan money and so this makes the economystronger.

Front 15

Use a case study to explain how ecotourism has contributed to sustainabledevelopment (8)

Back 15

•The Tataquara lodge in Brazil is owned as a co-op by the localtribes.

•This helps them develop sustainably because the moneygoes straight into the local economy

•and there is no leakage toforeign tour companies.

•It also means they can spend profits onthings like education and health clinics to improve their prospectsfor the future and their quality of life.

•They sell traditional craftswhich helps to preserve their culture for the future generations.

•This is more sustainable development because it doesn’t damagethe environment

•which means it should last for a long time and bemore secure for the future.

Front 16

Choose either a National Park or a coastal resort in the UK

Describe one or more strategies that your chosen area has used to maintain asuccessful tourism industry (8)

Back 16

Coastal Resorts

•Building conference centres – this will bring more trade into the resortbecause people would come outside of the holiday season.

•Building more shopping malls – these will bring money into the resort.

•Concentrating on the up market end of the tourist trade –it wouldattract a different type of tourist from the usual family orientated touristswho are able to spend more money and so increase the profit margins.

•Developing a wider range of attractions including those indoors –These would be less dependent on the weather and so could extend theholiday season.

National ParkFarms

•diversifying into non-agricultural activities – providing moreaccommodation in holiday homes to people who want more to do thanlook at the scenery or go hiking.

• Managing the effects of footpath erosion – ensuring that the footpathsare safe for walking may encourage more trekkers to come to the area.

•Improving infrastructure and transport links– making the NationalPark more accessible and also improving the infrastructure mayencourage more tourists to visit.

•Zoning of the area into honeypots and wilder more remote areas– this would limit any environmental damage and so encourage people tokeep visiting the area.

Front 17

Give two reasons why national park / coastal resorts may become less popularover time (2)

Back 17

National Park:

•becomes too overcrowded with visitors in honeypot sites

•traffic congestion in narrow mountain roads. •poor weather

•footpatherosion

Coastal resort:

• competition from foreign resorts

• lack of up-to-datefacilities

•poor weather

•negative press / media

•higher cost/ more expensive

Front 18

Explain how mass tourism may damage the environment of areas such as thecoast of Kenya (6)

Back 18

•With large numbers of visitors the local people will want to earn money byproviding opportunities for the visitors to visit the coral reef.

•This maylead to damaging of the reef due to the anchors rubbing away at the livecoral.

Front 19

Outline the positive effects of mass tourism on the environment of a tropical area (2)

Back 19

•Money / profits to reinvest in environmental conservation

•There will be a better infrastructure including the provision of a moreefficient sewage system

•which will cut down on water pollution and makethe area healthier.

Front 20

Describe how an ecotourism development canbenefit future generations (4)

Back 20

•People stay in a wooden lodge and are taught about the rainforest.

•Fewtrees are cut down and all the food and resources used are from the localarea.

•As little of the forest is cut down as possible.