Geo Final- Exam 2

Front 1

Regolith is

Back 1

Fragments of rock that result from the processes of weathering

Front 2

The movement of material by moving wind, water, or ice is a process called ___ whereas the process that down solid rock into loose sediments is called___

Back 2

Erosion, weathering

Front 3

Weathering is

Back 3

Physical or chemical break down of rocks to regolith and then soil

Front 4

Which if the following definitions most accurately pertains to weathering?

Back 4

the physical to chemical breakdown of rock exposed to air, water, and organic matter.

Front 5

Which of the following is NOT true of frost wedging in rocks?

Back 5

it only occurs in the polar regions of the Earth

Front 6

Frost wedging is

Back 6

When water cracks in rock freezes and expands, breaking the rock apart

Front 7

Rocks that are brought to the surface from deep down area said to undergo ___. Near the surface, the resultant pressure release may cause the rock to form _____

Back 7

Exhumation/ sheet joints

Front 8

Rocks under high pressures deep inside the crust are sometimes uplifted to the surface. This process is called ___. The drop in pressure at result in ____.

Back 8

Exhumation/ expansion of the rocks, forming sheet joints

Front 9

Which of the following forms of weathering does NOT involve a mechanical weathering process?

Back 9

Oxidation

Front 10

Which of the following is not associated with the process of mechanical weathering

Back 10

hydrolysis reactions

Front 11

Which of the following processes is a chemical weathering phenomenon?

Back 11

Hydrolysis

Front 12

Rainwater can mix CO2 in the atmosphere to form carbonic acid. This can rest in the chemical weathering of rocks because:

Back 12

Hydrolysis reactions cause H+ ions in the acid to displace cations in minerals.

Front 13

Hydrolysis reaction are when H+ cations in water replace mineral cations like K+, Na+ and Mg2+ in mineral crystal lattice, forming a new mineral. This is how feldspars commonly break down to form:

Back 13

Clay

Front 14

Minerals like halite and calcite are partially prone to chemical weathering through the process of dissolution. As a result, the following type of rock is prone to this type if weathering:

Back 14

Limestone, rock salt, marble. ( A, B, C)

Front 15

What mineral commonly breaks down into clay when it is chemically weathered?

Back 15

Feldspar

Front 16

The correct order if soil horizons fein the top down is:

Back 16

O A E B C

OAE Before Christ

Front 17

Which of the soil horizons make up humus?

Back 17

O and A horizons

Front 18

What is the term geologists' use for the layer of loose, heterogenous weathered material lying on the top of the bedrock?

Back 18

Regolith

Front 19

Which of the of the following minerals would be most likely to form a clay mineral during chemical weathering?

Back 19

Mica

Front 20

Which of the following minerals found in a granite in not altered by chemical weathering?

Back 20

Quartz

Front 21

Which of the following factors would increase the chemical weathering rate?

Back 21

Increasing rainfall, temperature, & organic activity

Front 22

Gravels (including pebbles) are pieces of older rock minerals greater than

Back 22

2 mm

Front 23

The largest class size in the range of gravel is

Back 23

boulder

Front 24

Graded beds are the result of deposition by

Back 24

turbidity currents

Front 25

When rivers enter large bodies of standing water they typically debouche their loads forming

Back 25

deltas

Front 26

Strips of san sand gravel lying above sea level and paralleling the adjacent coastline but separated from it by a narrow body of water are called

Back 26

barrier islands

Front 27

The foliation in a slate is called slaty

Back 27

cleavage

Front 28

Typical platy minerals (Sheet Silicates) defining a foliation include

Back 28

Chlorite, muscovite, biotite

Front 29

Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of coarse- grained

Back 29

dolomite

Front 30

Quartzite is a metamorphic rock composted of a dense network of interlocking

Back 30

Quartz

Front 31

Slates are characterized by a tendency to break into even parallel sheets due to the parallel alignment of the flat crystal faces if

Back 31

Chlorite and muscovite

Front 32

____ a common mineral found in igneous rock, is the most abundant mineral in detrital sedimentary rocks

Back 32

Quartz

Front 33

In which of the following are particles sized ordered from smallest to largest?

Back 33

Clay, silt, sand

Front 34

A sandstone containing an appreciable quantity of feldspar us a

Back 34

Arkose

Front 35

_____ and ____ are sources of heat for metamorphism

Back 35

Geothermal gradient. magmas

Front 36

__ is a common example of a porphyroblast

Back 36

Garnet

Front 37

Which of the following lists the rock in the order of the increasing grain size and increasing grade of metamorphism?

Back 37

Slate, schist, phyllite

Front 38

The principle of superposition refers to the idea that

Back 38

the oldest strata area at the bottom

Front 39

An unconformity marks...

Back 39

a gap in the geologic record

Front 40

____ Are fragments of an older rock unit that are incorporated into another younger stratum

Back 40

Inclusions

Front 41

Which of the following represents the largest time period?

Back 41

Precambrian

Front 42

The ___ was an era dominated by the dinosaurs

Back 42

Mesozoic

Front 43

Radiometric age is often referred to as ___ age.

Back 43

Absolute

Front 44

The principle of the original horizontality states that___

Back 44

Sediments are deposited as essentially horizontal layers

Front 45

Fossiles are most common in which type if rock?

Back 45

Sedimentary

Front 46

A disconformity is_____

Back 46

a erosional surface between horizontal sedimentary rocks

Front 47

What is the name for an erosion surface that separates two sets of sedimentary layers with non- parallel bedding plans?

Back 47

Angular unconformity

Front 48

Which of the following is used geologist to determine the relative ages on a rock sequence?

Back 48

Stratigraphy, fossils, cross-cutting relationships

* All of these