Genetics: Gene Transcription & Rna Modification

Front 1

At the molecular level, a definition of a _____ is a segment of DNA that is used to make a functional product, either an RNA molecule or a polypeptide

Back 1

gene

Front 2

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence

Back 2

transcription

Front 3

______ ______ encode the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.

Back 3

Structural genes

Front 4

Becomes part of a functional protein that contributes to an organism's traits

Back 4

Polypeptide

Front 5

The usual flow of genetic information is from ____ to _____ to _____.

Back 5

DNA, mRNA, polypeptide

Front 6

When a structural gene is transcribed, the first product is an RNA molecule known as ______.

Back 6

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Front 7

The sequence of _______ within the mRNA determines the sequence of ______ _______ in a polypeptide

Back 7

nucleotides, amino acids

Front 8

_____ ______ _____ define the beginning and ending of a gene and also play a role in regulating the level of RNA synthesis

Back 8

Short base sequences

Front 9

DNA sequences called _______ ______ influence whether a gene is being turned on or off.

Back 9

regulatory sequences

Front 10

Overall process by which the information within a gene is used to produce a functional product, s/a a polypeptide.

Back 10

gene expression

Front 11

site for RNA polymerase binding; signals the beginning of transcription

Back 11

promoter

Front 12

signals the end of transcription

Back 12

terminator

Front 13

The base sequence in the RNA _______ _______ transcript is complementary to the of DNA

Back 13

template strand

Front 14

For genes that encode proteins, the non-template DNA strand is called the _____ _____

Back 14

coding or sense strand

Front 15

A category of proteins called _____ _____ recognize base sequences in the DNA and controls transcription.

Back 15

transcription factors

Front 16

Some transcription factors recognize ______ ______, while others bond directly to promoters to facilitate transcription

Back 16

regulatory sequences

Front 17

site for ribosomal binding: translation begins near this site in the mRNA. In eukaryotes, the ribosome scans the mRNA for a start codon

Back 17

ribosomal binding site

Front 18

specifies the 1st amino acid in a polypeptide sequence, usually a formylmethionine (bacteria) or a methionine (euks)

Back 18

start codon

Front 19

3-nucleotide sequences w/in the mRNA that specify particular amino acids.

Back 19

codon

Front 20

specifies the end of polypeptide synthesis

Back 20

stop codon