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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA isolation |
to remove DNA from nucleus we must: break apart cell using buffer that solubilizes DNA digest away proteins (histones) precipitate DNA purify DNA |
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Gene Cloning |
technique to amplify DNA and make protein cloned genes can be expressed in prokaryotic or euk cells |
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amplifying DNA |
polymerase chain reaction (PCR): technique the amplifies the quantity of DNA by mixing that DNA sample with nucleotides, specific primers, and a heat-tolerant DNA polymerase this is a cell-free system, unlike gene cloning |
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PCR uses |
paternity testing blood, semen, fingerprint analysis genetic testing HIV testing |
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Sequencing DNA |
Sanger method is most common used to be determined by looking at gel it can tell if there is a mutation that could cause a disease |
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Genetic Sampling & Screening |
two different methods: 1. amniocentesis: sample of amniotic fluid surrounding baby 2. chorionic villus sampling: sample of placenta |
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karyotype |
display of chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape |
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karyotyping |
method used to determine karyotype. this can detect abnormalities in chromosome number or structure |
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chromosomal alterations |
each chromosome has a short arm (p) and a long arm (q) there can be alterations to whole chromosomes: -gain of a chromosome (trisomy)-loss of a chromosome (monosomy) |
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alterations within a chromosome |
deletion of genes duplication of genes inversion of genes translocation of genes |
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pedigree |
family tree showing the phenotypes of family memberes for a certain trait can sometimes show if a family member is a carrier ***pedigree interpretation!!! |
