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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How has the tourism industry grown? |
-People have more holidays -More disposable income -Improvements in advertisements eg internet |
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Importance of tourism |
-creates jobs -can benefit poorer countries eg provide income -benefits economies (local and international) |
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Butler Model |
Exploration- small numbers of visitors attracted Involvement- local people provide facilities for tourists Development- More and more visitors as more facilities built and begins to control area Consolidation- large number of tourists but beginning to level off Stagnation- numbers have peaked and facilities are run down |
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Butler Model- the 6th stage |
Rejuvenation- money is invested in area to build facilities to make tourists return to area Decline- area is less attractive and numbers decrease |
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BLACKPOOL CASE STUDY |
Exploration- 1735 First guest house opened Involvement- 1840 First railway opened from Poulton Development- 1863 Promenade and North Pier was opened Consolidation- 1872 850,000 people visited Stagnation- M55 opened between Blackpool and M6 |
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BLACKPOOL CASE STUDY- 6TH STAGE |
Decline 1987- Visitor nights declined from 16 million to 10.5 million Numbers staying in hotels decreased by 22% Annual day visits 7.4 million to 3.9 million Rejuvenation 2003- £2.2 billion invested 26,700 jobs created 5700 new homes |
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LAKE DISTRICT CASE STUDY- where and why? |
-designated national park in 1951 -located in upland of Cumbria near Scottish border -Lake Windermere specialises in ferry cruises- people sail from Ambleside to Windermere -Many walking routes and guides written eg Wainwright -Popular amongst 19th century writers and artists eg John Ruskin |
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LAKE DISTRICT CASE STUDY- traffic problems and environmental issues |
Traffic: 89% of visitors come by car and towns such as Bowness-on-Windermere are not designed for large volumes Strategy: Dual carriageways built and Bowness has a new car park at Braithwaite Fold Environment: wash from fast vehicles can erode shores Strategy: speed limit put in place eg 18 kph on Lake Windermere |
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LAKE DISTRICT CASE STUDY- property pressure |
20% of property are second homes which aren't used all year round Strategy: very difficult to control house prices but authorities could build more homes for rent or low-cost homes for sale |
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Mass tourism |
Mass tourism is organised tourism for a huge number of people, often at the same time of year |
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KENYA CASE STUDY- why? |
42 tribal groups eg Maasai Mara Big Five (rhino, lion, elephant, buffalo, leopard) Warm climate all year round |
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KENYA CASE STUDY- 2007 |
1.8 million tourists 250,000 employed directly by tourism 15% of Kenya's GDP |
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KENYA CASE STUDY- reducing negative impacts |
Walking or horseback tours are promoted over vehicle safaris Accessibility and transport improved eg airstrips being built in Ruma National Park and £8 million spent on improving roads Visa fees cut by 50% in 2009 |
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KENYA CASE STUDY- economic impacts |
$27 a day to visit Masaai Mara Money earned from Masaai Mara goes directly to government 15% of money earned through tourism goes directly to locals |
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KENYA CASE STUDY- social impacts |
Some Muslims offended by the way some western women dress Tourist industry unreliable due to political unrest eg in 2007 it was advised not to travel to Kenya Only 15% money goes to locals |
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KENYA CASE STUDY- environmental impacts |
23 National parks eg Nairobi National park and income is used to help protect wildlife Wild animals affected eg cheetahs changed their hunting behaviours to avoid crowds Vegetation damaged by safaris eg 8000 visitors to Maasai Mara can lead to a queue of 70 jeeps/buses |
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Eco Tourism |
Tourism that focuses on protecting the environment and the local way of life Stewardship is careful management of the environment on a large scale across regions, nations and even internationally Conservation is the local protection and responsibility of the environment |
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CHUMBE ISLAND OFF THE COAST OF ZANZIBAR-ECONOMIC IMPACTS |
$220 million a year income from tourism Organic soaps produced by local women are provided to guests Overnight stay in a Bandas is £160 a night in low season and £180 in high season |
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CHUMBE ISLAND OFF THE COAST OF ZANZIBAR-SOCIAL IMPACTS |
$220 million a year income from tourism Organic soaps produced by local women are provided to guests Secondary school students are guided by park rangers along nature trail and coral reef to learn about marine biology and environment protection |
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CHUMBE ISLAND OFF THE COAST OF ZANZIBAR-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS |
7 bandas built from local materials eg palm leaves for thatched roofs Each banda collects its own freshwater supply Lights powered by solar power and solar power torches provided- the torches charge in the day time ready for use at night |
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Extreme tourism |
Locations with particularly difficult environments where tourism is only beginning to develop due to the want of physical and sometimes dangerous challenges Extreme environments are becoming more popular because of the thrill they may provide |
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ANTARCTICA- measures to protect the area |
Cruise ships carry 60-100 tourists and must follow the guidelines of the IAATO Tourists must not go within 5m of the penguins Tourists are not allowed to visit SSSIs eg Bird Island on South Georgia |
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ANTARCTICA- worries about the future |
Impacts include sea and coastal pollution, littering which will damage flora and fauna and disruption to breeding patterns Number of tourists predicted to double in next ten years Heavy oil spill could coat penguins in oil |
