Fundamentals Of Anatomy And Physiology-Bio201In- Chapter 1 Book Definitions

Front 1

The study of the structure of the body

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

The study of function; deals with the ways organisms perform vital activities

Back 2

Physiology

Front 3

The study of the structural features of the body without the aid of a microscope

Back 3

Gross anatomy

Front 4

The study of the embryonic development, focusing on the first two months after fertilization

Back 4

Embryology

Front 5

The study of cells

Back 5

Cytology

Front 6

The smallest living unit in the human body

Back 6

Cells

Front 7

The study of tissues

Back 7

Histology

Front 8

A collection of specialized cells and cell products that performs a specific function

Back 8

Tissues

Front 9

Combinations of tissues that perform complex functions

Back 9

Organs

Front 10

The maintnenceof a relatively constant internal environment

Back 10

Homeostasis

Front 11

Changes in activity that maintain homeostatsis in direct response to changes in the local environment; does not require neural or endocrine control

Back 11

Autoregulation

Front 12

A peripheral gland or muscle cell innervated by a motor neuron

Back 12

Effector

Front 13

A coorective mechanism that opposed or negates a variation from normal limits

Back 13

Negative feedback

Front 14

A mechanism that increases a deviation from normal limits after an initial stimulus

Back 14

Postive feedback

Front 15

An anatomical reference postion; the body viewed from the anterior surface with the palms facing forward

Back 15

Anatomical position

Front 16

Lying face up with palms facing anteriorly

Back 16

Supine

Front 17

Lying face down with the falms facing the floor

Back 17

Prone

Front 18

A sectional plane that divides the body into an anterior portion and a posterior portion

Back 18

Frontal plane

Front 19

A sectional plane that divides the body into left and right portions

Back 19

Sagittal plane

Front 20

Any muscular partition; the respiratory muscle that separates the throracic cavity from the abdominoplevic cavity

Back 20

Diaphragm

Front 21

The protion of the ventral body cavity that contains abdominal and pelvic subdivisions; also contains the peritoneal cavity

Back 21

Abdominopelvic cavity

Front 22

Oragans in the ventral body cavity

Back 22

Viscera

Front 23

Subdivisions of the thoracic cavity that contain the lungs

Back 23

Pleural cavities

Front 24

The central tissue mass that divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities; includes the aorta and other great vessels, the esophagus, trachea, thymus, the peridcardial cavity and heart, and a host of nerves, small vessels, and lymphatic vessels

Back 24

Mediastinum

Front 25

The space between the parietal pericardium and the epicardium that covers the outter surface of the heart

Back 25

Pericardial cavity

Front 26

The inferior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity; encloses the urinary bladder, the sigmoid colon and rectum, and the male or female reproductive organs

Back 26

Pelvic cavity

Front 27

Groups of organs that function together in a coordinated manner

Back 27

Organ system

Front 28

The study of the functions of the human body

Back 28

Human physiology

Front 29

Results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system, two organ systems that control or adject the activities of many other systerms simultaneously

Back 29

Extrinsic regulation

Front 30

A sensor that is sensitive to a particular environmental change or stimulus

Back 30

Receptor

Front 31

Recieves and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands

Back 31

Control center

Front 32

This exists when opposing preocesses or forces are in balance

Back 32

State of equilibrium

Front 33

One of the four divisions of the anterior abdominal surface

Back 33

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Front 34

One of nine divions of the anterior abdominal surface

Back 34

Abdominopelvic regions

Front 35

Lies at right angles to the long axis of the body, dividing it into superior and inferior portions

Back 35

Transverse plance

Front 36

An imaging technique that used X ray sto reconstruct the body's three-dimensional structure

Back 36

CT Scan

Front 37

A malfunction of organs or organ systems resluting from a failure of homeostatic regulation

Back 37

Disease

Front 38

A technique used to monitor blood flow through specific organs, usch as the brain, heart, lungs, or kindeys. X rays are taken before and after a radiopaque dye is administered and a computer "subtracts" details common to both images. The result is a high-contrast image shoing the distribution of the dye

Back 38

DSA

Front 39

Am imaging technique that employs a magnetic field and radio waves to protray subtle structural differences

Back 39

MRI

Front 40

A physician who specilizes in performing analyzing radiological procedures

Back 40

Radiologist

Front 41

A method of processing computerized tomography data to provide rapid, three-dimensional images of internal organs

Back 41

spiral-CT

Front 42

An imaging techinque that uses brief bursts of high-frequency sound waves reflected by internal structures

Back 42

Ultrasound

Front 43

High-energy radiation that can penetrate living tissues

Back 43

X-Ray