Fundamental Concepts Of Laboratory Biosafety And Biosecurity

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Containment priniciples, technologies, and practices that are implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins or their accidental release.

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BIOSAFETY

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Protection, control and accountability for valuable biological materials within laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion, or international release.

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BIOSECURITY

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BIOHAZARD

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Who created it?

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Charles Baldwin

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Procedures and practices to prevent exposure and acquisition of infections.

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BIOSAFETY

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Maintenance of secure procedures and practices in handling biological materials and sensitive information

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BIOSECURITY

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Risk group classification of microorganisms is based on the:

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•Pathogenicity

•Mode of transmission

•Host range

•Availability of preventive measures

•Effective treatment

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-Unlikely to cause human or animal disease

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Risk Group 1

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Low individual or community risk

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Risk Group 1

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Unlikely to be a significant risk to lab workers, community, livestock, or environment

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Risk Group 2

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With available preventive measures and effective treatment

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Risk Group 2

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Moderate individual risk and limited community risk

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Risk Group 2

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Known to cause serious diseases to humans or animals significant risks to lab workers

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Risk 3

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With available preventive measures and treatment

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Risk Group 3

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With high individual risk, limited to moderate community and environmental risk

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Risk Group 3

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Known to produce life-threatening disease to humans and animals

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Risk Group 4

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Significant risk to laboratory workers

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Risk Group 4

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Readily transmissible from one individual to another

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Risk Group 4

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High individual and community risk

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Risk Group 4

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Preventive measures and treatment are not usually available

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Risk Group 4

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Categories of Laboratories Biosafety According to Levels

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Biosafety Level 1

Biosafety Level 2

Biosafety Level 3

Biosafety Level 4

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Biosafety level designations are based on:

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•Composite of the design features,

•Construction,

•Containment facilities,

•Equipment,

•Practices, and

•Operational Procedures

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Suitable for working with viable microorganisms known not to cause disease in humans

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Biosafety level 1

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Most appropriate for undergraduate and secondary educational training and teaching laboratories that require basic practices.

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Biosafety Level 1

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Examples of species in BSL-1

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•Bacillus subtilis

•Naegleria gruberi

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Applicable to clinical, diagnostic, and teaching labs

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Biosafety Level 2

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Appropriate in working with human blood, body fluids, tissue, cell lines, etc.

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Biosafety Level 2

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Give exaples of virus/species used in Biosafety Level 2.

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• Hepatitis B virus

•HIV

•Salmonellae

•Taxoplasma species

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Emphasis on primary and secondary barriers in the protection of personnel, community and environment from infectious aerosol exposure

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Biosafety level 3

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Work with indigenous or exotic agents with potential for respiratory transmission, serious and lethal.

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Biosafety Level 3

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Secondary barries for this level is highly required including controlled access to the laboratory and ventilation requirements

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Biosafety Level 3

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Ventilation with special engineering and design features are being considered to minimize the release of infectious aerosol from the lab

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Biosafety Level 3

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For working with dangerous and exotic agents that pose individual risks of life threatening disease without available vaccines or treatment

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Biosafety Level 4

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Examples of microbes in BSL-3

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•Mycobacterium tuberculosis

•St. Louis encephalitis virus

•Coxiella

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Give examples of microorganisms in BSL 4

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Marburg or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

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For laboratories with indigenous moderate-risk agents

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Biosafety Level 2