Frhd 3070 Ch.9

Front 1

Random Assignment

Back 1

Dividing subjects into groups at the beginning of experimental research using a random process so the experimenter can treat the groups as equivalentsci

Front 2

Science of the sophomore

Back 2

A term used to refer to the potentially limited external validity of studies based on undergraduate samples usually using the experimental method

Front 3

Subjects

Back 3

The case or people used in research projects and in whom variables are measured

Front 4

Treatment

Back 4

What the independent variable in experimental research is called

Front 5

Pretest

Back 5

The measurement of the dependent variable of an experiment prior to the treatment

Front 6

Post test

Back 6

The measurement of the dependent variable in experimental research after the treatment

Front 7

Experimental group

Back 7

The group that receives the treatment in experimental research

Front 8

Control group

Back 8

The group that does not receive the treatment and experimental research

Front 9

Deception

Back 9

When and experimenter lies to her subject about the true nature of an experiment or creates a false impression through his or her actions or the setting

Front 10

Debrief

Back 10

When a researcher gives a true explanation of the experiment to subjects after using deceptions

Front 11

Experimental design

Back 11

Arranging the parts of an experiment and putting them together

Front 12

Classical experimental design

Back 12

An experimental design that has random assigned a control group and experimental group and pretest and post test for each group

Front 13

Pre-experimental designs

Back 13

Experimental designs that like random assignment or use shortcuts and are much weaker than the classical experimental design. They may be substituted in situations where experimenter cannot use all the features of a classical experimental design but they have a weaker internal validity

Front 14

One shot case study

Back 14

An experimental design with only an experimental group and a post test no pretest

Front 15

Static group comparison

Back 15

An experimental design with two groups, no random assignment and only a post test

Front 16

Quasi experimental designs

Back 16

Experimental designs that are stronger than prick spare mental designs. They are variations on the classical experiment that and experimenter uses a special situations or when the experimenter has limited control over the independent variable

Front 17

Interrupted time series

Back 17

An experimental design in which the dependent variable is measured periodically across money time points and the treatment occurs in the midst of such measures often only once

Front 18

Equivalent time series design

Back 18

An experimental design in which there are several repeated pretest, postests, and treatments for one group often over a period of time

Front 19

Latin square design

Back 19

An experimental design used to examine whether the order or sequence in which subjects receive multiple versions of the treatment has an effect

Front 20

Solomon four group design

Back 20

An experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to to control groups and to experimental groups. Only one experimental group and one control group receive a pretest. All 4 groups receive a protest

Front 21

Factorial design

Back 21

A type of experimental design that considers the impact of several independent variable's simultaneously

Front 22

Interaction effect

Back 22

The effect of two independent variables that operate simultaneously. The affect of the variables together is greater than what would occur from a simple addition of the effects from each. The variables operate together on one another to create an extra boost.

Front 23

Design notation

Back 23

The name of the symbol system used to discuss the parts of an experiment and to make diagrams of them

Front 24

Selection bias

Back 24

A threat to internal validity when groups in an experiment are not equivalent at the beginning of the experiment

Front 25

History Effects

Back 25

A threat to internal validity due to something that occurs and affects the dependent variable during an experiment, but that is unplanned and outside the control of the experimenter

Front 26

Maturation

Back 26

A threat to internal validity in experimental research due to natural processes of growth boredom and so on that occur to subjects during experiment and effects of the dependent variable

Front 27

Testing effect

Back 27

A pre-test measure that itself affects an experiment. This testing affects internal validity because more than the treatment alone affected the dependent variable

Front 28

Instrumentation

Back 28

A threat to reliability occurring when the dependent variable measure changes during the experiment

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Mortality

Back 29

Threats to internal validity do to subjects feeling to participate through the entire experiment

Front 30

Statistical regression

Back 30

The problem of extreme values or a tendency for random errors to move group results toward the average

Front 31

Diffusion of treatment

Back 31

A threat to internal validity that occurs when the treatments bills over from the experimental group and the control group subjects modify their behaviour because they learn of the treatment

Front 32

Experimenter expectancy

Back 32

A researcher may threaten internal validity not by purposeful unethical behaviour but by indirectly communicating desired feelings to the subject

Front 33

Double blind experiment

Back 33

A type of experimental research in which neither the subjects nor the person who directly deals with the subjects knows the specifics of the experiment

Front 34

Placebo

Back 34

I false treatment or one that has no effect in an experiment. It is sometimes called a sugar pill that I subjects mistakes for a true treatment

Front 35

Reactivity

Back 35

The general threat to external validity that arises because subjects are aware that they are in an experiment and being studied

Front 36

Hawthorne effect

Back 36

An effect of reactivity named after a famous case in which subjects reacted to the fact that they were in the experiment more than they reacted to the treatment

Front 37

Laboratory experiment

Back 37

Experimental research that takes place in an artificial setting over which the experimenter has great control

Front 38

Field experiment

Back 38

Experimental research that takes place in a natural setting

Front 39

Natural experiment

Back 39

A specific type of quasi-experiment where a researcher can examine the impact of a policy change or similar change in a social system by comparing an outcome of interest before and after such a changes implemented