Final Study Guide: Central Nervous System

Front 1

2 parts according to structure of nervous system:

Back 1

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

Front 2

Central Nervous System{CNS}

Back 2

Brain and spinal cord

Front 3

Peripheral Nervous System{PNS}
consists of:

Back 3

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves

Front 4

2 parts of PNS according to function:

Back 4

Afferent Division
Efferent Division

Front 5

consists of sensory nerve fibers that carry nerve impulses from the receptors to the CNS.

Back 5

Afferent Division

Front 6

consists of motor nerve fibers that carry nerve impulses from the CNS to the effectors.

Back 6

Efferent Division

Front 7

consists of the motor nerve fibers that carry nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles.

Back 7

Somatic Nervous System {SNS}

Front 8

consists of motor nerve fibers that carry nerve impulses to the cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands of the body.

Back 8

Autonomic Nervous System{ANS}

Front 9

2 parts of ANS:

Back 9

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Front 10

part of the CNS composed of cell bodies of neurons, interneuron, and neuroglia cells.

Back 10

Gray Matter

Front 11

part of the CNS composed of nerve fibers - nerve fibers formed into nerve tracts.

Back 11

White Matter

Front 12

Describe the 3 layers of protection of the CNS.

Back 12

Outer layer
Middle layer
Inner layer:

Front 13

Describe the Outer layer:
skeletal system

Back 13

skull protects the brain and vertebral column protects the spinal cord.

Front 14

Middle layer:
3 meninges:

Back 14

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Front 15

outer meninge - consist of tough dense connective tissue - function is protection.

Back 15

dura mater

Front 16

middle meninge - threadlike extensions attach it to the
pia mater - function is protection.

Back 16

arachnoid mater

Front 17

innermost meninge - composed of delicate connective tissue and is highly vascularized - adheres directly to brain and spinal cord - function is nourishment and protection.

Back 17

pia mater

Front 18

space between arachnoid mater and pia mater - filled with cerebrospinal fluid{CSF}

Back 18

subarachnoid space

Front 19

the cerebrospinal fluid{CSF} in the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord and the subarachnoid spaces of the brain and spinal cord.

Back 19

Inner layer

Front 20

source of CSF

Back 20

choroid plexus - network of capillaries projecting into the ventricles.

Front 21

function of CSF

Back 21

shock absorbing fluid absorbing blows to CNS – also helps to nourish the brain and removes waste products

Front 22

ventricles of the brain:

Back 22

2 lateral ventricles{1 in each cerebral hemisphere} empty into the intervertebral foramen which empties into the third ventricle{within the diencephalon} which empties into the cerebral aqueduct which empties into the fourth ventricle{between the brain stem and the cerebellum} which empties into the central canal of the spinal cord.

Front 23

circulation of CSF:

Back 23

CSF formed by the choroid plexi of the ventricles at the rate of 800 ml/day - once formed it circulates through the ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord and subarachnoid spaces of brain and spinal cord - then returns to the blood in dural sinuses through the arachnoid villi.